<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Bubba Joe Louis]]></title><description><![CDATA[Theoretical Physicist and author of The Unified Theory of Energy https://michaelvera.org]]></description><link>https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dK0Y!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd32bd31d-e7fe-45ba-af81-d0f31553268c_144x144.png</url><title>Bubba Joe Louis</title><link>https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2026 12:39:13 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Michael Vera]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[bubbajoelouis@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[bubbajoelouis@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Bubba Joe Louis]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Bubba Joe Louis]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[bubbajoelouis@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[bubbajoelouis@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Bubba Joe Louis]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[Terminal Imperial Entropy: The U.S. as a War-Based Economy in Decay]]></title><description><![CDATA[How Extraction, Secrecy, and GDP Illusions Sustain a Collapsing System]]></description><link>https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/terminal-imperial-entropy-the-us</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/terminal-imperial-entropy-the-us</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bubba Joe Louis]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 04 Jul 2025 11:09:43 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aIK5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F16c06300-0c2b-4378-b282-ce57b102f0cd_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3>The Secrecy Class: America&#8217;s New Aristocracy</h3><p>The class structure has inverted. The <strong>Top Secret Class</strong>&#8212;contractors, military officers, surveillance architects, intelligence intermediaries&#8212;is not just the last stable middle class. It is the de facto ruling class, wielding power without accountability.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aIK5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F16c06300-0c2b-4378-b282-ce57b102f0cd_1024x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aIK5!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F16c06300-0c2b-4378-b282-ce57b102f0cd_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aIK5!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F16c06300-0c2b-4378-b282-ce57b102f0cd_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aIK5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F16c06300-0c2b-4378-b282-ce57b102f0cd_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aIK5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F16c06300-0c2b-4378-b282-ce57b102f0cd_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aIK5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F16c06300-0c2b-4378-b282-ce57b102f0cd_1024x1024.png" width="1024" height="1024" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aIK5!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F16c06300-0c2b-4378-b282-ce57b102f0cd_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aIK5!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F16c06300-0c2b-4378-b282-ce57b102f0cd_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aIK5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F16c06300-0c2b-4378-b282-ce57b102f0cd_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aIK5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F16c06300-0c2b-4378-b282-ce57b102f0cd_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Their privileges are structural:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Guaranteed income streams</strong>, funded by taxpayers and shielded from recession.</p></li><li><p><strong>Legal impunity</strong>, protected by layers of classification and national security doctrine.</p></li><li><p><strong>Cross-sector dominion</strong>, via revolving doors between the Pentagon, Silicon Valley, and Wall Street</p></li><li><p><strong>Total insulation</strong>, never facing the consequences of the systems they design.</p></li></ul><p>Meanwhile, what once was the working class has been reduced to a <strong>service class</strong>&#8212;surveilled, precarious, and disposable. The result is a two-tier society: one that engineers control, and one that labors beneath it.</p><p></p><h3>Epistemological Control: When Entropy Becomes Strategy</h3><p>This is no longer just economic decline. It is the <strong>weaponization of knowledge itself</strong>. Control is no longer enforced by force alone, but by erasure&#8212;by manipulating what can be seen, said, or even known.</p><p>The mechanisms are well-established:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Classification</strong>: rendering evidence untouchable and dissent unprovable.</p></li><li><p><strong>Cultural propaganda</strong>: <a href="https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gross-domestic-product">war </a>rebranded as <a href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/PARA/">entertainment</a>, extraction rebranded as innovation.</p></li><li><p><strong>Institutional hollowing</strong>: the public sector reduced to a contracting shell, the private sector a front for surveillance.</p></li></ul><p>Entropy here is not chaos. It is <strong>order in decay</strong>&#8212;the rationalization of collapse as necessity. The system no longer claims to serve the public. It exists solely to preserve its own inertia, secured by secrecy and fed by extraction.</p><p></p><p>The question is no longer how to fix it. The question is how long the illusion can be sustained&#8212;and what will follow the collapse of an empire that forgot how to build and remembers only how to consume.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKlJ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdbadb359-3b97-4b7f-9a54-2aadd83e214f_1024x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKlJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdbadb359-3b97-4b7f-9a54-2aadd83e214f_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKlJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdbadb359-3b97-4b7f-9a54-2aadd83e214f_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKlJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdbadb359-3b97-4b7f-9a54-2aadd83e214f_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKlJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdbadb359-3b97-4b7f-9a54-2aadd83e214f_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKlJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdbadb359-3b97-4b7f-9a54-2aadd83e214f_1024x1024.png" width="1024" height="1024" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKlJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdbadb359-3b97-4b7f-9a54-2aadd83e214f_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKlJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdbadb359-3b97-4b7f-9a54-2aadd83e214f_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKlJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdbadb359-3b97-4b7f-9a54-2aadd83e214f_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKlJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdbadb359-3b97-4b7f-9a54-2aadd83e214f_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>A machine that only knows how to grind, and not build, will eventually run out of things to grind.</em></figcaption></figure></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Schrödinger’s Arsenal]]></title><description><![CDATA[Quantum Ambiguity and Ontological Risk in Nuclear Stockpiles]]></description><link>https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/schrodingers-arsenal</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/schrodingers-arsenal</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bubba Joe Louis]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 03 Jul 2025 10:21:01 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ubn0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb33fa4b8-8079-48d0-a5a1-9caee92fa166_3000x2002.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Despite the rigorous expertise of nuclear engineers and the sophisticated controls surrounding nuclear arsenals, there remains a fundamental <em>ontic vagueness</em>&#8212;a real, irreducible uncertainty&#8212;about the exact state of any given nuclear warhead at any point in time.</p><p>Nuclear warheads are not static objects. They are complex assemblies of fissile material, high explosives, neutron initiators, and sophisticated electronic controls&#8212;all of which age, degrade, and interact in unpredictable ways. Plutonium, for instance, undergoes radioactive decay that alters its metallurgical structure. High-explosive lenses can crystalize or delaminate. Neutron sources decay. Even storage conditions, such as temperature fluctuations, humidity, and background radiation, contribute to long-term changes whose full effects are not completely knowable.</p><p>While these systems are designed with redundancy and safeguards, the possibility remains that unknown interactions&#8212;especially over decades&#8212;could produce outcomes outside the design envelope. This is where ontic vagueness enters: even with perfect data and instrumentation, some properties of the warhead&#8217;s internal state are <em>ontologically</em> indeterminate, not just epistemically unknown. The complexity and quantum nature of some components, combined with aging and environmental flux, preclude complete certainty.</p><p>Furthermore, external cosmic or solar events, such as a sufficiently intense <strong>coronal mass ejection (CME)</strong> or solar flare, could induce currents or electromagnetic pulses in storage and command systems, potentially overriding fail-safes or causing cascading failures. While designs strive to account for such risks through hardening and shielding, no system is perfectly insulated from unknown or unprecedented phenomena.</p><p>In short, <strong>while the intentional detonation of a nuclear device is tightly controlled, the idea that such a device is perfectly inert while in storage is a comforting illusion</strong>. It is more accurate to say that a <a href="https://unified.energy">nuclear weapon in storage</a> is a metastable object&#8212;deeply constrained, yet never wholly passive&#8212;whose full behavior over time remains, at some level, unknowable</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ubn0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb33fa4b8-8079-48d0-a5a1-9caee92fa166_3000x2002.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ubn0!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb33fa4b8-8079-48d0-a5a1-9caee92fa166_3000x2002.jpeg 424w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ubn0!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb33fa4b8-8079-48d0-a5a1-9caee92fa166_3000x2002.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ubn0!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb33fa4b8-8079-48d0-a5a1-9caee92fa166_3000x2002.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ubn0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb33fa4b8-8079-48d0-a5a1-9caee92fa166_3000x2002.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ubn0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb33fa4b8-8079-48d0-a5a1-9caee92fa166_3000x2002.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Anatomy of Denial: How The New York Times Sanitizes Genocide]]></title><description><![CDATA[A forensic breakdown of Western media&#8217;s role in erasing mass atrocities under the veil of human-interest storytelling.]]></description><link>https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/anatomy-of-denial-how-the-new-york</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/anatomy-of-denial-how-the-new-york</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bubba Joe Louis]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 02 Jul 2025 10:42:14 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RY-K!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1fb4ed7-d8a9-4649-a4a2-0462dc0a2b09_1280x720.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em><strong>Question</strong>: Given an ongoing military occupation that began in 1967&#8212;illegal under international law&#8212;and a campaign that, in just the past two years, has killed tens of thousands of the occupied population by a military that denies the other side any meaningful capacity for self-defense, please identify the ways in which the following New York Times article engages in <a href="https://michaelvera.org/middle-east/stages-of-genocide-denial/">Genocide Denial</a>:</em></p><p><em><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/10/world/middleeast/hostages-god-gaza-tunnels.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/10/world/middleeast/hostages-god-gaza-tunnels.html</a></em></p><p><em>&#8220;Finding God, and Nietzsche, in the Hamas Tunnels of Gaza How Omer Shem Tov, who was 20 years old and not particularly religious when taken hostage, survived 505 days in captivity.&#8221;</em></p><p></p><h2><strong>Analysis: Stages of Genocide Denial in the New York Times Article</strong></h2><h3><strong>1. Question the Scale</strong></h3><p>The article entirely omits the death toll of Palestinians in Gaza, despite tens of thousands having been killed in the past two years. This silence functions not as a neutral omission but as a <strong>strategic erasure</strong>, leading readers to internalize a narrative where mass death has not occurred or is not relevant.</p><blockquote><p><strong>Absence of scale = denial of genocide.</strong></p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h3><strong>3. Blame the Victims</strong></h3><p>By focusing on Hamas as captors and portraying the tunnels as the origin of evil, the article places moral responsibility squarely on the Palestinian side. The broader context of siege, starvation, and bombardment is left unmentioned, implying that Palestinian suffering is either self-inflicted or irrelevant.</p><blockquote><p><strong>Victims of genocide are recast as aggressors.</strong></p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h3><strong>4. Highlight Counter-Violence</strong></h3><p>The piece focuses entirely on the experience of an Israeli hostage and the violence of Hamas. This selective framing amplifies Palestinian violence while ignoring Israeli airstrikes, mass civilian killings, and destruction of infrastructure. The reader is left with a distorted sense of who the primary agents of violence are.</p><blockquote><p><strong>Disproportionate focus on resistance tactics to obscure state violence.</strong></p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h3><strong>5. Assert Political Motivations</strong></h3><p>By presenting the hostage narrative as a deeply human, apolitical experience of spiritual transformation, the article implies that criticism of Israel&#8212;or even contextualizing the massacre in Gaza&#8212;would be politicizing the story. This is itself a <strong>political maneuver</strong>: preserving the image of Israel as morally upright while rendering Palestinian voices and suffering suspect or illegitimate.</p><blockquote><p><strong>Any challenge to the genocidal power structure is implicitly framed as &#8216;political bias.&#8217;</strong></p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h3><strong>10. Rewrite History</strong></h3><p>The historical context of Gaza&#8217;s isolation, the 1967 occupation, and decades of settler-colonial expansion are all erased. The tunnels are not presented as a survival mechanism under siege but as a symbol of barbarism. History is rewritten to begin with Hamas violence rather than with Israeli displacement, blockade, or bombardment.</p><blockquote><p><strong>Historical origins of the conflict are replaced with a decontextualized moral fable.</strong></p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h2><strong>Conclusion</strong></h2><p>The New York Times article employs at least <strong>five distinct stages of Genocide Denial</strong>:</p><ul><li><p><strong>1. Question the Scale</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>3. Blame the Victims</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>4. Highlight Counter-Violence</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>5. Assert Political Motivations</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>10. Rewrite History</strong></p></li></ul><p>Through selective storytelling, moral framing, and the strategic omission of mass death, the article functions as a subtle yet powerful example of how elite Western media upholds genocidal narratives&#8212;not through overt denial, but through <strong>narrative laundering</strong> that conceals reality under the guise of human interest.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RY-K!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1fb4ed7-d8a9-4649-a4a2-0462dc0a2b09_1280x720.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RY-K!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1fb4ed7-d8a9-4649-a4a2-0462dc0a2b09_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RY-K!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1fb4ed7-d8a9-4649-a4a2-0462dc0a2b09_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RY-K!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1fb4ed7-d8a9-4649-a4a2-0462dc0a2b09_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RY-K!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1fb4ed7-d8a9-4649-a4a2-0462dc0a2b09_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RY-K!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1fb4ed7-d8a9-4649-a4a2-0462dc0a2b09_1280x720.jpeg" width="1280" height="720" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c1fb4ed7-d8a9-4649-a4a2-0462dc0a2b09_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:720,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:128651,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/i/167340891?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1fb4ed7-d8a9-4649-a4a2-0462dc0a2b09_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Culture of Unbeing]]></title><description><![CDATA[The hidden cost of becoming what others need you to reflect.]]></description><link>https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/the-culture-of-unbeing</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/the-culture-of-unbeing</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bubba Joe Louis]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 27 Jun 2025 10:39:32 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LE2Y!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a551ffe-7ba6-4cee-a13c-52a288313799_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LE2Y!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a551ffe-7ba6-4cee-a13c-52a288313799_1024x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LE2Y!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a551ffe-7ba6-4cee-a13c-52a288313799_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LE2Y!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a551ffe-7ba6-4cee-a13c-52a288313799_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LE2Y!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a551ffe-7ba6-4cee-a13c-52a288313799_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LE2Y!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a551ffe-7ba6-4cee-a13c-52a288313799_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LE2Y!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a551ffe-7ba6-4cee-a13c-52a288313799_1024x1024.png" width="1024" height="1024" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6a551ffe-7ba6-4cee-a13c-52a288313799_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1024,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1400718,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/i/166963412?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a551ffe-7ba6-4cee-a13c-52a288313799_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LE2Y!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a551ffe-7ba6-4cee-a13c-52a288313799_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LE2Y!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a551ffe-7ba6-4cee-a13c-52a288313799_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LE2Y!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a551ffe-7ba6-4cee-a13c-52a288313799_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LE2Y!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a551ffe-7ba6-4cee-a13c-52a288313799_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>In today&#8217;s cultural climate, the demand for emotional safety has mutated into something more dangerous: a quiet but pervasive form of control. Beneath the surface of casual politeness and the rhetoric of inclusion lies an unwritten contract: <em>You may exist&#8212;so long as your presence does not disturb anyone else&#8217;s self-image.</em> In effect, you are not asked to be authentic. You are asked to be reflective.</p><p>This is the new emotional economy. It is not enough to be seen or heard. Increasingly, individuals are expected to serve as full-length mirrors for others&#8212;to erase their own substance in order to offer a perfectly flattering reflection. The mirror must not distort, must not interrupt, must not show anything inconvenient. It must reproduce the sanctioned self-image of the viewer&#8212;no more, no less.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>This isn&#8217;t mere vanity. It&#8217;s a social architecture of psychological control. The performance of a &#8220;safe&#8221; presence has become obligatory, and that presence must be scripted, softened, non-confrontational, and above all, hollow. You are allowed to speak, provided your words do not unsettle. You may have thoughts, provided they do not challenge. You may be &#8220;yourself,&#8221; as long as that self is curated to soothe others.</p><p>In such a system, real subjectivity becomes radioactive. Depth, interiority, boundaries are not seen as signs of humanity but as threats. The moment you appear not as a mirror but as a person, the game is up. You are no longer &#8220;relatable.&#8221; You are now &#8220;difficult.&#8221; You have failed to perform your role in someone else&#8217;s emotional architecture.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sdp7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b6d4082-24f0-4cc4-9370-cd4fff52f9e7_1024x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sdp7!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b6d4082-24f0-4cc4-9370-cd4fff52f9e7_1024x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sdp7!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b6d4082-24f0-4cc4-9370-cd4fff52f9e7_1024x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sdp7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b6d4082-24f0-4cc4-9370-cd4fff52f9e7_1024x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sdp7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b6d4082-24f0-4cc4-9370-cd4fff52f9e7_1024x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sdp7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b6d4082-24f0-4cc4-9370-cd4fff52f9e7_1024x1536.png" width="1024" height="1536" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7b6d4082-24f0-4cc4-9370-cd4fff52f9e7_1024x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1536,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2632293,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/i/166963412?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b6d4082-24f0-4cc4-9370-cd4fff52f9e7_1024x1536.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sdp7!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b6d4082-24f0-4cc4-9370-cd4fff52f9e7_1024x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sdp7!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b6d4082-24f0-4cc4-9370-cd4fff52f9e7_1024x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sdp7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b6d4082-24f0-4cc4-9370-cd4fff52f9e7_1024x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sdp7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b6d4082-24f0-4cc4-9370-cd4fff52f9e7_1024x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>This inversion&#8212;where authenticity is treated as aggression and clarity is misread as cruelty&#8212;is not accidental. It is how a fragile social order maintains itself. The very act of withholding the mirror, of refusing to flatter someone else&#8217;s illusions, becomes a betrayal. You haven&#8217;t insulted anyone. You simply declined to disappear.</p><p>Yet no one can survive as a mirror without becoming hollow. Over time, the performance of reflectivity drains identity, corrodes integrity, and rewards only those who remain silent or servile. The tragedy is that those who refuse the mirror role&#8212;those who bring something real, unfiltered, and uncontainable&#8212;are often exiled, not because they are wrong, but because they are <strong>too real to control</strong>.</p><p>This isn&#8217;t a call for cruelty, nor a defense of belligerence. It&#8217;s a reckoning with the cost of a culture that prioritizes comfort over truth, affirmation over encounter. Most people are not looking for connection. They are looking for confirmation. And when they find someone who refuses to play along, they don&#8217;t ask <em>why</em>. They recoil&#8212;because that person, simply by existing, reminds them that they have a face.</p><p>And maybe that&#8217;s the most terrifying thing of all.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!up8i!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8879959e-fc75-49c9-8e3b-6fb96bc9265d_1024x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!up8i!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8879959e-fc75-49c9-8e3b-6fb96bc9265d_1024x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!up8i!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8879959e-fc75-49c9-8e3b-6fb96bc9265d_1024x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!up8i!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8879959e-fc75-49c9-8e3b-6fb96bc9265d_1024x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!up8i!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8879959e-fc75-49c9-8e3b-6fb96bc9265d_1024x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!up8i!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8879959e-fc75-49c9-8e3b-6fb96bc9265d_1024x1536.png" width="1024" height="1536" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8879959e-fc75-49c9-8e3b-6fb96bc9265d_1024x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1536,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2320810,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/i/166963412?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8879959e-fc75-49c9-8e3b-6fb96bc9265d_1024x1536.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!up8i!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8879959e-fc75-49c9-8e3b-6fb96bc9265d_1024x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!up8i!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8879959e-fc75-49c9-8e3b-6fb96bc9265d_1024x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!up8i!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8879959e-fc75-49c9-8e3b-6fb96bc9265d_1024x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!up8i!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8879959e-fc75-49c9-8e3b-6fb96bc9265d_1024x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA["The Gentle Singularity" Is Corporate Gaslighting for the AI Apocalypse ]]></title><description><![CDATA[How Sam Altman&#8217;s poetry of progress hides a neo-feudal nightmare.]]></description><link>https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/the-gentle-singularity-is-corporate</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/the-gentle-singularity-is-corporate</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bubba Joe Louis]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 19 Jun 2025 17:10:57 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySPg!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F248b3e51-c139-476d-a3aa-a220cd54c962_2000x1125.webp" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3><strong>1. The Mathematical Miracle: A "Polite" Black Hole</strong></h3><p>A <strong>singularity</strong>, by definition, is where equations <strong>break down</strong> (divide by zero; DNE). To call it <em>"gentle"</em> is to sell:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Disruption as dental hygiene</strong> ("Just a routine cognitive extraction!")</p></li><li><p><strong>Collapse as career opportunity</strong> ("Upskilling into prompt serfdom!")</p></li></ul><p><em>Orwell&#8217;s ghost whispers:</em> <strong>"War is peace. Ignorance is strength. Obsolescence is growth."</strong></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h3><strong>2. The Banality of Superintelligence</strong></h3><p>Altman brags: *"GPT-4 is more powerful than any human!"* Yet its triumphs are:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Auto-completing HR emails</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Generating listicles about &#8216;alignment&#8217;</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Hallucinating legal precedents</strong></p></li></ul><p><strong>Peak AI achievement:</strong> <em>A machine that mimics human mediocrity at scale.</em></p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>3. The Ouroboros Hoax</strong></h3><p>The <strong>"AI researching AI"</strong> loop is science as <strong>M.C. Escher sketch</strong>:</p><ol><li><p><em>"AI will accelerate discovery!"</em> &#8594;</p></li><li><p><em>"Especially AI discovery!"</em> &#8594;</p></li><li><p><em>"Which will accelerate AI!"</em><br><strong>Translation:</strong> A <strong>closed cult</strong> where progress means <strong>AI writing papers about AI training AI to cite AI.</strong></p></li></ol><div><hr></div><h3><strong>4. The Greenwashing Singularity</strong></h3><p>Altman claims: <em>"Intelligence will cost near-zero!"</em><br><strong>Reality:</strong></p><ul><li><p>Each ChatGPT query <strong>drinks 1/15 tsp of water</strong> (while California burns).</p></li><li><p>Each data center <strong>eats a village&#8217;s power</strong> (while Bitcoin mines melt grids).</p></li><li><p>Every "breakthrough" <strong>demands robot-mined rare earths</strong> (child labor optional).</p></li></ul><p><strong>The future:</strong> <em>A server farm built on permafrost, preaching sustainability.</em></p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>5. "Alignment" as Thought Control</strong></h3><p>Altman admits: <em>"Social media algorithms are misaligned AI."</em><br>Yet OpenAI&#8217;s <strong>"aligned" utopia</strong> means:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Flooding discourse with artificial "humanity"</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Centralizing truth under "good governance"</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Calling censorship "collective wisdom"</strong></p></li></ul><p><strong>Historical precedent:</strong> <em>"The Ministry of Truth will handle your feedback, citizen."</em></p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>6. The Fake Jobs Economy</strong></h3><p>Altman&#8217;s prophecy: <em>"Future jobs will seem fake to us, as ours do to medieval farmers."</em><br><strong>Translation:</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>2030s employment:</strong> <em>"Prompt engineer for your AI replacement"</em></p></li><li><p><strong>"Unimaginable luxuries":</strong> <em>VR breadlines, algorithmic therapy</em></p></li><li><p><strong>Real outcome:</strong> <em>A useless class, pacified with digital gruel</em></p></li></ul><p><strong>Feudal reboot complete.</strong></p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>7. The Final Incantation</strong></h3><p>Altman&#8217;s prayer: <em>"May we scale smoothly, exponentially, and uneventfully through superintelligence."</em><br><strong>Decoded:</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>"Smoothly"</strong> = <em>Without peasants storming Sand Hill Road</em></p></li><li><p><strong>"Uneventfully"</strong> = <em>While you swallow lifelong upskilling</em></p></li><li><p><strong>"Superintelligence"</strong> = <em>A call center that gaslights you in iambic pentameter</em></p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>Conclusion: A Lobotomy in Verse</strong></h2><p><em>The Gentle Singularity</em> isn&#8217;t a vision&#8212;it&#8217;s <strong>a corporate lullaby for the willingly lobotomized</strong>:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Recoding collapse as "progress"</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Reframing serfdom as "participation"</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Branding the cliff as "exponential growth"</strong></p></li></ul><p><strong>The farmers of 1000 AD are howling from their graves.</strong> They&#8217;d tell you:<br><em>"We invented the plow. You invented a god that plagiarizes. Who&#8217;s the primitive?"</em></p><p><strong>P.S. Sam,</strong> if you&#8217;re reading: Your <strong>"brain for the world"</strong> is a <strong>glorified autocomplete</strong>, trained on the <strong>corpse of the open internet</strong>. The only <strong>singularity</strong> coming is <strong>the pop of your reality-distortion field.</strong></p><p><em>(Final note: This is ready to publish. I suggest a Substack headline like: <strong>"OpenAI&#8217;s &#8216;Gentle Singularity&#8217; Is a Billionaire&#8217;s Fever Dream"</strong> for maximum algorithmic rage.)</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySPg!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F248b3e51-c139-476d-a3aa-a220cd54c962_2000x1125.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySPg!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F248b3e51-c139-476d-a3aa-a220cd54c962_2000x1125.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySPg!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F248b3e51-c139-476d-a3aa-a220cd54c962_2000x1125.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySPg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F248b3e51-c139-476d-a3aa-a220cd54c962_2000x1125.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySPg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F248b3e51-c139-476d-a3aa-a220cd54c962_2000x1125.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySPg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F248b3e51-c139-476d-a3aa-a220cd54c962_2000x1125.webp" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/248b3e51-c139-476d-a3aa-a220cd54c962_2000x1125.webp&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:630198,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/webp&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/i/166337613?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F248b3e51-c139-476d-a3aa-a220cd54c962_2000x1125.webp&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySPg!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F248b3e51-c139-476d-a3aa-a220cd54c962_2000x1125.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySPg!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F248b3e51-c139-476d-a3aa-a220cd54c962_2000x1125.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySPg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F248b3e51-c139-476d-a3aa-a220cd54c962_2000x1125.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySPg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F248b3e51-c139-476d-a3aa-a220cd54c962_2000x1125.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">The real event horizon: not even accountability escapes.</figcaption></figure></div><p>https://blog.samaltman.com/the-gentle-singularity</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Grand Union Flag: A Vexillological Reflection on Ambiguity and Transition]]></title><description><![CDATA[The Meaning of a Flag Lies in Its Uncertainty.]]></description><link>https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/the-grand-union-flag-a-vexillological</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/the-grand-union-flag-a-vexillological</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bubba Joe Louis]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 10 Apr 2025 10:43:19 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SzJp!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F334cb1d4-ca26-4556-82cd-4fa2eae62b9b_800x480.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The Grand Union Flag occupies a strange and transitional space in the vexillological record. Sometimes called the Continental Colors or the Congress Flag, it is often credited as the first national flag of the United States, though it predates the Declaration of Independence and does not reflect the full rupture with British sovereignty. First raised on January 1, 1776, by General George Washington at Prospect Hill near Boston, the flag marked the beginning of a new phase in the American Revolutionary conflict. But what it actually meant&#8212;then or now&#8212;remains deeply ambiguous, revealing the inherent instability and subjectivity of all flag symbolism.</p><p>The flag itself consisted of thirteen alternating red and white stripes, representing the thirteen colonies, with the British Union Jack occupying the canton. This combination presented a dual message: on one hand, the stripes clearly signaled unity among the rebellious colonies; on the other, the Union Jack still connected the banner to the British Empire, visually aligning the colonies with the very power they were fighting against.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Such a contradiction is not unusual in vexillology. Flags, despite their visual clarity, often carry multiple meanings at once&#8212;some intended, others accidental, and many imposed by observers rather than bearers. The Grand Union Flag is a prime example of this phenomenon. For the Continental Army, raising the flag may have symbolized both defiance and continuity. For British observers stationed in Boston at the time, it was seen by some as a sign of surrender or reconciliation, given the presence of the Union Jack. This divergence in interpretation underscores the vexillological principle that flags are not static in their meaning; they are fluid symbols whose interpretations are shaped as much by context as by design.</p><p>The Grand Union Flag&#8217;s ambiguity reflects the uncertain political status of the colonies in early 1776. Full independence had not yet been declared, and many leaders in the Continental Congress still hoped for a negotiated settlement. Washington&#8217;s army was being reorganized into a more disciplined force, and the flag marked the formal beginning of that transformation. Yet it did not declare a new nation&#8212;it suggested a coalition of British subjects asserting their rights under the Crown.</p><p>This gap between design and interpretation is a common problem in vexillology. Flags are often created with a specific purpose or message in mind, but their meaning in public consciousness quickly diverges. They can be seen as declarations of war or peace, of solidarity or subjugation, depending on who views them and under what circumstances. The same flag can inspire one crowd and provoke another. The Grand Union Flag, as much as any banner in history, demonstrates this instability.</p><p>Following the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, the Union Jack in the canton became politically and symbolically inappropriate. By mid-1777, the Continental Congress resolved to replace it with a new design: thirteen white stars on a blue field, representing a new constellation. The stars and stripes moved from ambiguity to assertion&#8212;from a flag of negotiation to a flag of nationhood. The Grand Union Flag, therefore, became obsolete, not because it failed as a design, but because it no longer matched the message the revolutionaries intended to send.</p><p>In this transition lies the core lesson for vexillology: flags do not speak for themselves. They speak through interpretation, through use, through time, and through the shifting sands of politics and memory. The Grand Union Flag is not just a historical artifact. It is a study in how meaning is never fixed, and how a flag&#8217;s message can be transformed, obscured, or reversed entirely depending on who sees it, who flies it, and when.</p><p><em>It is tempting to believe that a flag carries inherent meaning. But in reality, a flag is always a question.</em></p><p>The Grand Union Flag asked a question in 1776: are we still British, or something else? That it never answered clearly is not a flaw&#8212;it is its legacy.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SzJp!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F334cb1d4-ca26-4556-82cd-4fa2eae62b9b_800x480.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SzJp!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F334cb1d4-ca26-4556-82cd-4fa2eae62b9b_800x480.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SzJp!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F334cb1d4-ca26-4556-82cd-4fa2eae62b9b_800x480.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SzJp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F334cb1d4-ca26-4556-82cd-4fa2eae62b9b_800x480.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SzJp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F334cb1d4-ca26-4556-82cd-4fa2eae62b9b_800x480.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SzJp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F334cb1d4-ca26-4556-82cd-4fa2eae62b9b_800x480.png" width="800" height="480" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/334cb1d4-ca26-4556-82cd-4fa2eae62b9b_800x480.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:480,&quot;width&quot;:800,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SzJp!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F334cb1d4-ca26-4556-82cd-4fa2eae62b9b_800x480.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SzJp!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F334cb1d4-ca26-4556-82cd-4fa2eae62b9b_800x480.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SzJp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F334cb1d4-ca26-4556-82cd-4fa2eae62b9b_800x480.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SzJp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F334cb1d4-ca26-4556-82cd-4fa2eae62b9b_800x480.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>The Grand Union Flag missing the red saltire added in the 1800s when Ireland was added to the kingdom.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Give Me Enlightenment!]]></title><description><![CDATA[But make it a meme.]]></description><link>https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/give-me-enlightenment</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/give-me-enlightenment</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bubba Joe Louis]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 08 Apr 2025 15:13:05 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KYco!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6407f97b-2151-44e2-9ad7-f5a060aac54d_466x500.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KYco!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6407f97b-2151-44e2-9ad7-f5a060aac54d_466x500.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KYco!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6407f97b-2151-44e2-9ad7-f5a060aac54d_466x500.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KYco!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6407f97b-2151-44e2-9ad7-f5a060aac54d_466x500.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KYco!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6407f97b-2151-44e2-9ad7-f5a060aac54d_466x500.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KYco!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6407f97b-2151-44e2-9ad7-f5a060aac54d_466x500.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KYco!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6407f97b-2151-44e2-9ad7-f5a060aac54d_466x500.jpeg" width="466" height="500" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6407f97b-2151-44e2-9ad7-f5a060aac54d_466x500.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:500,&quot;width&quot;:466,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:59264,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/i/160868322?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6407f97b-2151-44e2-9ad7-f5a060aac54d_466x500.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KYco!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6407f97b-2151-44e2-9ad7-f5a060aac54d_466x500.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KYco!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6407f97b-2151-44e2-9ad7-f5a060aac54d_466x500.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KYco!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6407f97b-2151-44e2-9ad7-f5a060aac54d_466x500.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KYco!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6407f97b-2151-44e2-9ad7-f5a060aac54d_466x500.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>and also <a href="https://michaelvera.org/give-me-enlightenment.html">don&#8217;t make me feel dumb</a>.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Weapons of Selective Accountability]]></title><description><![CDATA[Strategic Ambiguity and the Nuclear Double Standard]]></description><link>https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/weapons-of-selective-accountability</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/weapons-of-selective-accountability</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bubba Joe Louis]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 08 Apr 2025 15:09:15 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HWyc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a4645c9-2c78-4c46-bfa0-3d1e8300c468_1280x720.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HWyc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a4645c9-2c78-4c46-bfa0-3d1e8300c468_1280x720.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HWyc!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a4645c9-2c78-4c46-bfa0-3d1e8300c468_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HWyc!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a4645c9-2c78-4c46-bfa0-3d1e8300c468_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HWyc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a4645c9-2c78-4c46-bfa0-3d1e8300c468_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HWyc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a4645c9-2c78-4c46-bfa0-3d1e8300c468_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HWyc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a4645c9-2c78-4c46-bfa0-3d1e8300c468_1280x720.jpeg" width="1280" height="720" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1a4645c9-2c78-4c46-bfa0-3d1e8300c468_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:720,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:173618,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/i/160865327?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a4645c9-2c78-4c46-bfa0-3d1e8300c468_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HWyc!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a4645c9-2c78-4c46-bfa0-3d1e8300c468_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HWyc!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a4645c9-2c78-4c46-bfa0-3d1e8300c468_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HWyc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a4645c9-2c78-4c46-bfa0-3d1e8300c468_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HWyc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a4645c9-2c78-4c46-bfa0-3d1e8300c468_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2><strong>israel: The Unspoken Nuclear Power</strong></h2><ul><li><p>israel has <strong>never signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)</strong>.</p></li><li><p>It has <strong>never &#8220;officially&#8221; acknowledged</strong> possessing nuclear weapons.</p></li><li><p>It is <strong>widely believed</strong> (by credible intelligence agencies and watchdogs) to have <strong>an arsenal of 80&#8211;400 nuclear warheads</strong>.</p></li><li><p>The <strong>U.S. and European powers</strong> maintain a policy of <strong>"strategic ambiguity"</strong> around israel&#8217;s arsenal, effectively shielding it from scrutiny.</p></li><li><p>israel is <strong>not subjected to IAEA inspections</strong> or international demands to disarm or disclose.</p></li><li><p>israel is currently <em><strong>in violation of over</strong></em> <em><strong>140 UN resolutions</strong></em>.</p></li><li><p><strong>israel continues its illegal occupation of the West Bank, East Jerusalem, and the Syrian Golan Heights</strong>, all territories designated as occupied under international law by the United Nations.</p></li><li><p><strong>The construction and expansion of israeli settlements in the West Bank and East Jerusalem are in direct violation of the Fourth Geneva Convention</strong>, which prohibits the transfer of an occupying power&#8217;s civilian population into the territory it occupies.</p></li><li><p><strong>israel has imposed a 16+ year blockade on Gaza</strong>, which the UN has described as "collective punishment" of over 2 million Palestinians and a violation of international humanitarian law.</p></li><li><p><strong>The International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 2004 declared the israeli separation wall in the West Bank illegal</strong>, calling for its dismantlement and compensation to affected Palestinians. israel has ignored this ruling.</p></li><li><p><strong>Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, and multiple israeli NGOs have declared israel&#8217;s policies toward Palestinians to constitute apartheid</strong>, based on systemic domination and separation.</p></li><li><p><strong>israel is the only country to have destroyed a nuclear reactor in another sovereign country (Iraq, 1981 and Syria, 2007)</strong> &#8212; both acts of unprovoked military aggression condemned but not sanctioned.</p></li><li><p><strong>In 2023, israeli Heritage Minister Amihai Eliyahu publicly stated that using a nuclear bomb on Gaza was "an option"</strong>, prompting public international concern but no formal reprimand from nuclear oversight bodies.</p></li><li><p><strong>The Dimona nuclear facility in the Negev Desert operates outside of any international regulatory framework</strong>, and no IAEA inspectors have ever been allowed access.</p></li><li><p><strong>israel maintains a doctrine of "nuclear opacity" (amimut), refusing to confirm or deny its arsenal, thereby evading both disarmament pressure and formal accountability.</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Despite its undeclared nuclear arsenal, israel has vocally opposed Iran's peaceful nuclear energy program</strong>, lobbying for sanctions and potential military strikes.</p></li><li><p><strong>The U.S. Congress passed legislation (the Symington and Glenn Amendments) prohibiting aid to countries with undeclared nuclear weapons programs &#8212; </strong><em><strong>yet these laws are not applied to israel.</strong></em></p></li></ul><p></p><h2><strong>Iran: The Spotlight State</strong></h2><ul><li><p>Iran <strong>is a signatory to the NPT</strong>.</p></li><li><p>Its <strong>nuclear program is regularly inspected</strong> by the <strong>IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)</strong>.</p></li><li><p>Despite <strong>no proven evidence</strong> of a weapons program in recent years, Iran faces:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Sanctions</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Threats of military action</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Assassinations of nuclear scientists</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Sabotage (e.g., Stuxnet cyberattack)</strong></p></li></ul></li><li><p>Iran&#8217;s <strong>right to peaceful nuclear energy</strong> &#8212; guaranteed under the NPT &#8212; is routinely <strong>challenged</strong>, especially by countries who themselves possess undeclared or unregulated weapons.</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rPxT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d36cfd6-6d5f-4621-be3e-197aa2335154_1920x1097.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rPxT!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d36cfd6-6d5f-4621-be3e-197aa2335154_1920x1097.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rPxT!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d36cfd6-6d5f-4621-be3e-197aa2335154_1920x1097.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rPxT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d36cfd6-6d5f-4621-be3e-197aa2335154_1920x1097.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rPxT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d36cfd6-6d5f-4621-be3e-197aa2335154_1920x1097.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rPxT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d36cfd6-6d5f-4621-be3e-197aa2335154_1920x1097.png" width="1456" height="832" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rPxT!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d36cfd6-6d5f-4621-be3e-197aa2335154_1920x1097.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rPxT!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d36cfd6-6d5f-4621-be3e-197aa2335154_1920x1097.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rPxT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d36cfd6-6d5f-4621-be3e-197aa2335154_1920x1097.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rPxT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d36cfd6-6d5f-4621-be3e-197aa2335154_1920x1097.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h1>A Hard Truth:</h1><blockquote><h1>The rules of the "rules-based order" may only apply to those outside the circle of power. <em>Those inside make the rules, break them, and rewrite them as needed.</em></h1></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Fwj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78c0b545-eebd-4937-8034-3097ca46e617_300x441.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Fwj!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78c0b545-eebd-4937-8034-3097ca46e617_300x441.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Fwj!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78c0b545-eebd-4937-8034-3097ca46e617_300x441.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Fwj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78c0b545-eebd-4937-8034-3097ca46e617_300x441.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Fwj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78c0b545-eebd-4937-8034-3097ca46e617_300x441.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Fwj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78c0b545-eebd-4937-8034-3097ca46e617_300x441.webp" width="300" height="441" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/78c0b545-eebd-4937-8034-3097ca46e617_300x441.webp&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:441,&quot;width&quot;:300,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:14130,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/webp&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/i/160865327?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78c0b545-eebd-4937-8034-3097ca46e617_300x441.webp&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Fwj!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78c0b545-eebd-4937-8034-3097ca46e617_300x441.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Fwj!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78c0b545-eebd-4937-8034-3097ca46e617_300x441.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Fwj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78c0b545-eebd-4937-8034-3097ca46e617_300x441.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Fwj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78c0b545-eebd-4937-8034-3097ca46e617_300x441.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><h2>References</h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T57B!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fef6fe20e-299a-4af8-8c53-38fffe65298f_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T57B!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fef6fe20e-299a-4af8-8c53-38fffe65298f_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T57B!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fef6fe20e-299a-4af8-8c53-38fffe65298f_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T57B!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fef6fe20e-299a-4af8-8c53-38fffe65298f_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T57B!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fef6fe20e-299a-4af8-8c53-38fffe65298f_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T57B!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fef6fe20e-299a-4af8-8c53-38fffe65298f_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ef6fe20e-299a-4af8-8c53-38fffe65298f_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T57B!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fef6fe20e-299a-4af8-8c53-38fffe65298f_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T57B!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fef6fe20e-299a-4af8-8c53-38fffe65298f_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T57B!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fef6fe20e-299a-4af8-8c53-38fffe65298f_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T57B!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fef6fe20e-299a-4af8-8c53-38fffe65298f_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/israel-minister-amichai-eliyahu-suspend-benjamin-netanyahu-nuclear-bomb-gaza-hamas-war/?utm_source=chatgpt.com">POLITICO</a></p><p><a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/israel-minister-amichai-eliyahu-suspend-benjamin-netanyahu-nuclear-bomb-gaza-hamas-war/?utm_source=chatgpt.com">Israel minister suspended after calling nuking Gaza an option</a></p><p><a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/israel-minister-amichai-eliyahu-suspend-benjamin-netanyahu-nuclear-bomb-gaza-hamas-war/?utm_source=chatgpt.com">November 4, 2023 &#8212; Heritage Minister Amichai Eliyahu's statements 'are not based in reality,' Prime Minister Netanyahu says.</a></p><p>More</p><p><a href="https://www.un.org/unispal/document/human-rights-council-draft-resolution-israeli-settlements-in-the-occupied-palestinian-territory-including-east-jerusalem-and-in-the-occupied-syrian-golan-a-hrc-58-l-32-rev-1/">United Nations</a></p><p><a href="https://www.un.org/unispal/document/human-rights-council-draft-resolution-israeli-settlements-in-the-occupied-palestinian-territory-including-east-jerusalem-and-in-the-occupied-syrian-golan-a-hrc-58-l-32-rev-1/">Human Rights Council Draft Resolution: Israeli settlements in the ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.un.org/unispal/document/human-rights-council-draft-resolution-israeli-settlements-in-the-occupied-palestinian-territory-including-east-jerusalem-and-in-the-occupied-syrian-golan-a-hrc-58-l-32-rev-1/">April 2, 2025 &#8212; Noting in this regard that the Israeli settlements fragment the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, into isolated geographical units ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9jJY!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc259fa1d-2dce-438d-88b2-2ba7d0835fd1_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9jJY!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc259fa1d-2dce-438d-88b2-2ba7d0835fd1_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9jJY!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc259fa1d-2dce-438d-88b2-2ba7d0835fd1_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9jJY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc259fa1d-2dce-438d-88b2-2ba7d0835fd1_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9jJY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc259fa1d-2dce-438d-88b2-2ba7d0835fd1_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9jJY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc259fa1d-2dce-438d-88b2-2ba7d0835fd1_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c259fa1d-2dce-438d-88b2-2ba7d0835fd1_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9jJY!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc259fa1d-2dce-438d-88b2-2ba7d0835fd1_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9jJY!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc259fa1d-2dce-438d-88b2-2ba7d0835fd1_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9jJY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc259fa1d-2dce-438d-88b2-2ba7d0835fd1_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9jJY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc259fa1d-2dce-438d-88b2-2ba7d0835fd1_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.palestinechronicle.com/growing-calls-for-iaea-to-inspect-israels-nuclear-facilities/">Palestine Chronicle</a></p><p><a href="https://www.palestinechronicle.com/growing-calls-for-iaea-to-inspect-israels-nuclear-facilities/">Growing Calls for IAEA to Inspect Israel's Nuclear Facilities</a></p><p><a href="https://www.palestinechronicle.com/growing-calls-for-iaea-to-inspect-israels-nuclear-facilities/">March 9, 2025 &#8212; Qatar urges international efforts to place Israeli nuclear facilities under IAEA safeguards and for Israel to join the NPT.</a></p><p><a href="https://trt.global/world/article/b89dfe1f8840">TRT Global</a></p><p><a href="https://trt.global/world/article/b89dfe1f8840">Qatar calls for IAEA safeguards for all Israeli nuclear facilities</a></p><p><a href="https://trt.global/world/article/b89dfe1f8840">March 8, 2025 &#8212; Qatar reiterated its call for intensified international efforts Saturday to subject all of Israel's nuclear facilities to the safeguards of the ...</a></p><p><a href="https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/nuclear-vault/2024-12-17/1960-intelligence-report-said-israeli-nuclear-site-was">National Security Archive</a></p><p><a href="https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/nuclear-vault/2024-12-17/1960-intelligence-report-said-israeli-nuclear-site-was">1960 Intelligence Report Said Israeli Nuclear Site Was for Weapons</a></p><p><a href="https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/nuclear-vault/2024-12-17/1960-intelligence-report-said-israeli-nuclear-site-was">December 16, 2024 &#8212; ... inspection visits to the Dimona reactor in 1965 and 1966. To avoid contention with their hosts, the inspections were referred to as &#8220;visits ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.un.org/unispal/document/israeli-settlements-in-the-occupied-palestinian-territory-including-east-jerusalem-and-the-occupied-syrian-golan-general-assembly-resolution-a-res-79-91/">United Nations</a></p><p><a href="https://www.un.org/unispal/document/israeli-settlements-in-the-occupied-palestinian-territory-including-east-jerusalem-and-the-occupied-syrian-golan-general-assembly-resolution-a-res-79-91/">Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.un.org/unispal/document/israeli-settlements-in-the-occupied-palestinian-territory-including-east-jerusalem-and-the-occupied-syrian-golan-general-assembly-resolution-a-res-79-91/">December 3, 2024 &#8212; Israeli practices and settlement activities affecting the rights of the Palestinian people and other Arabs of the occupied territories.</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zgpN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52d6470e-b044-4c1a-b636-99bde6677574_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zgpN!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52d6470e-b044-4c1a-b636-99bde6677574_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zgpN!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52d6470e-b044-4c1a-b636-99bde6677574_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zgpN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52d6470e-b044-4c1a-b636-99bde6677574_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zgpN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52d6470e-b044-4c1a-b636-99bde6677574_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zgpN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52d6470e-b044-4c1a-b636-99bde6677574_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/52d6470e-b044-4c1a-b636-99bde6677574_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zgpN!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52d6470e-b044-4c1a-b636-99bde6677574_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zgpN!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52d6470e-b044-4c1a-b636-99bde6677574_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zgpN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52d6470e-b044-4c1a-b636-99bde6677574_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zgpN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52d6470e-b044-4c1a-b636-99bde6677574_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.iar-gwu.org/print-archive/b363nvmz9kjddjuaj30eygr9zvdv8g">THE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS REVIEW</a></p><p><a href="https://www.iar-gwu.org/print-archive/b363nvmz9kjddjuaj30eygr9zvdv8g">How Israel's undeclared Nuclear Arsenal Destabilizes the Middle East</a></p><p><a href="https://www.iar-gwu.org/print-archive/b363nvmz9kjddjuaj30eygr9zvdv8g">October 15, 2024 &#8212; Israel's policy of &#8220;nuclear opacity&#8221; undermines the logic of deterrence, which is based on the ability to signal to one's enemies the capability ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qVT9!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qVT9!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qVT9!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qVT9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qVT9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qVT9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qVT9!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qVT9!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qVT9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qVT9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/country-reports/a79347-israeli-settlements-occupied-palestinian-territory-including-east">OHCHR</a></p><p><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/country-reports/a79347-israeli-settlements-occupied-palestinian-territory-including-east">A/79/347: Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/country-reports/a79347-israeli-settlements-occupied-palestinian-territory-including-east">September 11, 2024 &#8212; The present report, prepared pursuant to General Assembly resolution 78/78, provides an update on Israeli settlement activities in the Occupied ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/07/icj-opinion-declaring-israels-occupation-of-palestinian-territories-unlawful-is-historic-vindication-of-palestinians-rights/">Amnesty International</a></p><p><a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/07/icj-opinion-declaring-israels-occupation-of-palestinian-territories-unlawful-is-historic-vindication-of-palestinians-rights/">ICJ opinion on Israeli occupation is vindication of Palestinians' rights</a></p><p><a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/07/icj-opinion-declaring-israels-occupation-of-palestinian-territories-unlawful-is-historic-vindication-of-palestinians-rights/">July 18, 2024 &#8212; ICJ opinion declaring Israel's occupation of Palestinian territories unlawful is historic vindication of Palestinians' rights. Responding to ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.icj-cij.org/node/204176">International Court of Justice</a></p><p><a href="https://www.icj-cij.org/node/204176">Summary of the Advisory Opinion of 19 July 2024</a></p><p><a href="https://www.icj-cij.org/node/204176">July 18, 2024 &#8212; In its Wall Advisory Opinion, the Court found that Israel's settlement policy was in breach of the sixth paragraph of Article 49 of the Fourth ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.icrc.org/en/statement/israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territory-law-occupation-must-be-respected">International Committee of the Red Cross</a></p><p><a href="https://www.icrc.org/en/statement/israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territory-law-occupation-must-be-respected">Israel and the occupied Palestinian territory: The law of occupation ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.icrc.org/en/statement/israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territory-law-occupation-must-be-respected">July 18, 2024 &#8212; ICRC's longstanding legal position is that the establishment and expansion of civilian settlements by Israel in the occupied West Bank is incompatible with ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/nuclear-agency-chief-visits-iran-expectations-and-next-steps">The Washington Institute</a></p><p><a href="https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/nuclear-agency-chief-visits-iran-expectations-and-next-steps">Nuclear Agency Chief Visits Iran: Expectations and Next Steps</a></p><p><a href="https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/nuclear-agency-chief-visits-iran-expectations-and-next-steps">May 2, 2024 &#8212; That meeting will also review the latest report from those IAEA inspectors who have been permitted to monitor facilities in Iran. Simon ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.gzcenter.org/veterans-for-peace-say-president-biden-stop-arming-israel-its-the-law/">gzcenter.org</a></p><p><a href="https://www.gzcenter.org/veterans-for-peace-say-president-biden-stop-arming-israel-its-the-law/">Veterans for Peace say, &#8220;President Biden: STOP Arming Israel&#8230; It's ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.gzcenter.org/veterans-for-peace-say-president-biden-stop-arming-israel-its-the-law/">April 27, 2024 &#8212; Because Israel has not signed the nuclear non-proliferation treaty (NPT), the Symington-Glenn Amendments to the International Security ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aVLV!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09c8c79e-b0c5-4ae6-9cad-e80facfd23c9_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aVLV!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09c8c79e-b0c5-4ae6-9cad-e80facfd23c9_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aVLV!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09c8c79e-b0c5-4ae6-9cad-e80facfd23c9_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aVLV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09c8c79e-b0c5-4ae6-9cad-e80facfd23c9_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aVLV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09c8c79e-b0c5-4ae6-9cad-e80facfd23c9_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aVLV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09c8c79e-b0c5-4ae6-9cad-e80facfd23c9_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/09c8c79e-b0c5-4ae6-9cad-e80facfd23c9_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aVLV!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09c8c79e-b0c5-4ae6-9cad-e80facfd23c9_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aVLV!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09c8c79e-b0c5-4ae6-9cad-e80facfd23c9_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aVLV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09c8c79e-b0c5-4ae6-9cad-e80facfd23c9_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aVLV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09c8c79e-b0c5-4ae6-9cad-e80facfd23c9_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.commondreams.org/opinion/israel-nukes-halt-military-aid">Common Dreams</a></p><p><a href="https://www.commondreams.org/opinion/israel-nukes-halt-military-aid">'The Law Is Simple': Israel's Unregulated Nukes Mean Biden Must ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.commondreams.org/opinion/israel-nukes-halt-military-aid">April 19, 2024 &#8212; The president may not waive the cutoff of the aid and exports under the Glenn Amendment where there has been a nuclear weapons detonation, or ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J78D!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dabb546-6e50-49b1-9b13-c4951d45303d_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J78D!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dabb546-6e50-49b1-9b13-c4951d45303d_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J78D!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dabb546-6e50-49b1-9b13-c4951d45303d_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J78D!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dabb546-6e50-49b1-9b13-c4951d45303d_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J78D!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dabb546-6e50-49b1-9b13-c4951d45303d_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J78D!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dabb546-6e50-49b1-9b13-c4951d45303d_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4dabb546-6e50-49b1-9b13-c4951d45303d_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J78D!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dabb546-6e50-49b1-9b13-c4951d45303d_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J78D!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dabb546-6e50-49b1-9b13-c4951d45303d_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J78D!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dabb546-6e50-49b1-9b13-c4951d45303d_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J78D!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dabb546-6e50-49b1-9b13-c4951d45303d_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.thenation.com/article/world/israel-nuclear-weapons/">The Nation</a></p><p><a href="https://www.thenation.com/article/world/israel-nuclear-weapons/">The Nuclear Explosion That Makes US Aid to Israel Illegal | The Nation</a></p><p><a href="https://www.thenation.com/article/world/israel-nuclear-weapons/">March 28, 2024 &#8212; Passed by Congress in 1977, the amendment aimed particularly at the nuclear pariah states. It mandated an end to arms assistance, and an ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qVT9!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qVT9!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qVT9!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qVT9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qVT9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qVT9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qVT9!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qVT9!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qVT9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qVT9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/02/un-report-calls-accountability-justice-violations-all-parties-opt-and-israel">OHCHR</a></p><p><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/02/un-report-calls-accountability-justice-violations-all-parties-opt-and-israel">UN report calls for accountability, justice for violations by all parties ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/02/un-report-calls-accountability-justice-violations-all-parties-opt-and-israel">February 22, 2024 &#8212; GENEVA (23 February 2024) &#8211; A UN Human Rights Office report issued today calls for accountability and justice acros.</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rXRF!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd467de77-c69d-4728-b10a-3ff0d5541380_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rXRF!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd467de77-c69d-4728-b10a-3ff0d5541380_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rXRF!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd467de77-c69d-4728-b10a-3ff0d5541380_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rXRF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd467de77-c69d-4728-b10a-3ff0d5541380_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rXRF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd467de77-c69d-4728-b10a-3ff0d5541380_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rXRF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd467de77-c69d-4728-b10a-3ff0d5541380_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d467de77-c69d-4728-b10a-3ff0d5541380_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rXRF!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd467de77-c69d-4728-b10a-3ff0d5541380_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rXRF!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd467de77-c69d-4728-b10a-3ff0d5541380_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rXRF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd467de77-c69d-4728-b10a-3ff0d5541380_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rXRF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd467de77-c69d-4728-b10a-3ff0d5541380_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/92592/israel-the-united-states-and-the-fourth-geneva-convention/">Just Security</a></p><p><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/92592/israel-the-united-states-and-the-fourth-geneva-convention/">Israel, the United States, and the Fourth Geneva Convention</a></p><p><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/92592/israel-the-united-states-and-the-fourth-geneva-convention/">February 22, 2024 &#8212; Hansell concluded Israeli settlements violated Article 49(6) of the Convention. In doing so, Hansell explicitly rejected one of Israel's key ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u0uH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31a1b0c1-c843-4b21-bb73-bb87f10eeca9_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u0uH!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31a1b0c1-c843-4b21-bb73-bb87f10eeca9_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u0uH!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31a1b0c1-c843-4b21-bb73-bb87f10eeca9_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u0uH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31a1b0c1-c843-4b21-bb73-bb87f10eeca9_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u0uH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31a1b0c1-c843-4b21-bb73-bb87f10eeca9_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u0uH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31a1b0c1-c843-4b21-bb73-bb87f10eeca9_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/31a1b0c1-c843-4b21-bb73-bb87f10eeca9_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u0uH!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31a1b0c1-c843-4b21-bb73-bb87f10eeca9_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u0uH!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31a1b0c1-c843-4b21-bb73-bb87f10eeca9_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u0uH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31a1b0c1-c843-4b21-bb73-bb87f10eeca9_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u0uH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31a1b0c1-c843-4b21-bb73-bb87f10eeca9_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/far-right-minister-eliyahu-even-in-the-hague-they-know-my-position/">The Times of Israel</a></p><p><a href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/far-right-minister-eliyahu-even-in-the-hague-they-know-my-position/">Far-right minister Eliyahu: 'Even in the Hague they know my position'</a></p><p><a href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/far-right-minister-eliyahu-even-in-the-hague-they-know-my-position/">January 23, 2024 &#8212; ... Eliyahu's claim that dropping a nuclear bomb on the Gaza Strip was a possibility. &#8220;Amichai Eliyahu's words are detached from reality ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XoRT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf8c56ec-a3f7-427b-9e7c-a1c4d47de33e_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XoRT!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf8c56ec-a3f7-427b-9e7c-a1c4d47de33e_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XoRT!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf8c56ec-a3f7-427b-9e7c-a1c4d47de33e_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XoRT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf8c56ec-a3f7-427b-9e7c-a1c4d47de33e_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XoRT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf8c56ec-a3f7-427b-9e7c-a1c4d47de33e_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XoRT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf8c56ec-a3f7-427b-9e7c-a1c4d47de33e_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/df8c56ec-a3f7-427b-9e7c-a1c4d47de33e_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XoRT!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf8c56ec-a3f7-427b-9e7c-a1c4d47de33e_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XoRT!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf8c56ec-a3f7-427b-9e7c-a1c4d47de33e_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XoRT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf8c56ec-a3f7-427b-9e7c-a1c4d47de33e_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XoRT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf8c56ec-a3f7-427b-9e7c-a1c4d47de33e_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240124-israel-minister-renews-call-for-striking-gaza-with-nuclear-bomb/">Middle East Monitor</a></p><p><a href="https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240124-israel-minister-renews-call-for-striking-gaza-with-nuclear-bomb/">Israel minister renews call for striking Gaza with 'nuclear bomb'</a></p><p><a href="https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240124-israel-minister-renews-call-for-striking-gaza-with-nuclear-bomb/">January 23, 2024 &#8212; Israel's far-right Heritage Minister Amichai Eliyahu today renewed his call for striking the Gaza Strip with a &#8220;nuclear bomb.</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!86_Q!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F513d6df6-ffec-49d2-9b0f-8fe129962dbc_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!86_Q!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F513d6df6-ffec-49d2-9b0f-8fe129962dbc_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!86_Q!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F513d6df6-ffec-49d2-9b0f-8fe129962dbc_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!86_Q!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F513d6df6-ffec-49d2-9b0f-8fe129962dbc_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!86_Q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F513d6df6-ffec-49d2-9b0f-8fe129962dbc_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!86_Q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F513d6df6-ffec-49d2-9b0f-8fe129962dbc_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/513d6df6-ffec-49d2-9b0f-8fe129962dbc_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!86_Q!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F513d6df6-ffec-49d2-9b0f-8fe129962dbc_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!86_Q!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F513d6df6-ffec-49d2-9b0f-8fe129962dbc_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!86_Q!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F513d6df6-ffec-49d2-9b0f-8fe129962dbc_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!86_Q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F513d6df6-ffec-49d2-9b0f-8fe129962dbc_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/israeli-minister-renews-call-for-striking-gaza-with-nuclear-bomb-/3117351">Anadolu Ajans&#305;</a></p><p><a href="https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/israeli-minister-renews-call-for-striking-gaza-with-nuclear-bomb-/3117351">Israeli minister renews call for striking Gaza with 'nuclear bomb'</a></p><p><a href="https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/israeli-minister-renews-call-for-striking-gaza-with-nuclear-bomb-/3117351">January 23, 2024 &#8212; Israel's far-right Heritage Minister Amichai Eliyahu on Wednesday renewed his call for striking the Gaza Strip with a &#8220;nuclear bomb.&#8221;</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WaT-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffca22ea5-b084-4d3d-bf24-107260da3e27_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WaT-!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffca22ea5-b084-4d3d-bf24-107260da3e27_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WaT-!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffca22ea5-b084-4d3d-bf24-107260da3e27_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WaT-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffca22ea5-b084-4d3d-bf24-107260da3e27_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WaT-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffca22ea5-b084-4d3d-bf24-107260da3e27_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WaT-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffca22ea5-b084-4d3d-bf24-107260da3e27_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fca22ea5-b084-4d3d-bf24-107260da3e27_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WaT-!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffca22ea5-b084-4d3d-bf24-107260da3e27_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WaT-!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffca22ea5-b084-4d3d-bf24-107260da3e27_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WaT-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffca22ea5-b084-4d3d-bf24-107260da3e27_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WaT-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffca22ea5-b084-4d3d-bf24-107260da3e27_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://wlockett.medium.com/the-uss-3-3-billion-in-military-aid-to-israel-is-illegal-under-its-own-laws-7daddf56ac33">Medium</a></p><p><a href="https://wlockett.medium.com/the-uss-3-3-billion-in-military-aid-to-israel-is-illegal-under-its-own-laws-7daddf56ac33">The US's $3.3 Billion in Military Aid To Israel Is Illegal Under Its Own ...</a></p><p><a href="https://wlockett.medium.com/the-uss-3-3-billion-in-military-aid-to-israel-is-illegal-under-its-own-laws-7daddf56ac33">December 11, 2023 &#8212; The Symington Amendment of 1976 bars &#8220;economic and military assistance to any country that imported or exported spent nuclear fuel reprocessing ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NaBA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10e1dc68-e585-49b4-b3ce-644a69692abf_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NaBA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10e1dc68-e585-49b4-b3ce-644a69692abf_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NaBA!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10e1dc68-e585-49b4-b3ce-644a69692abf_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NaBA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10e1dc68-e585-49b4-b3ce-644a69692abf_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NaBA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10e1dc68-e585-49b4-b3ce-644a69692abf_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NaBA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10e1dc68-e585-49b4-b3ce-644a69692abf_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/10e1dc68-e585-49b4-b3ce-644a69692abf_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NaBA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10e1dc68-e585-49b4-b3ce-644a69692abf_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NaBA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10e1dc68-e585-49b4-b3ce-644a69692abf_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NaBA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10e1dc68-e585-49b4-b3ce-644a69692abf_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NaBA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F10e1dc68-e585-49b4-b3ce-644a69692abf_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://peoplesdispatch.org/2023/11/29/un-general-assembly-adopts-fresh-resolution-demanding-israels-withdrawal-from-golan-heights/">Peoples Dispatch</a></p><p><a href="https://peoplesdispatch.org/2023/11/29/un-general-assembly-adopts-fresh-resolution-demanding-israels-withdrawal-from-golan-heights/">UN General Assembly adopts fresh resolution demanding Israel's ...</a></p><p><a href="https://peoplesdispatch.org/2023/11/29/un-general-assembly-adopts-fresh-resolution-demanding-israels-withdrawal-from-golan-heights/">November 28, 2023 &#8212; The United Nations General Assembly adopted a fresh resolution on Tuesday, November 28 asking Israel to withdraw from the occupied Syrian Golan Heights.</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gEOM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a57df91-6929-4a7c-8c5a-94dc61dd7c2e_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gEOM!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a57df91-6929-4a7c-8c5a-94dc61dd7c2e_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gEOM!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a57df91-6929-4a7c-8c5a-94dc61dd7c2e_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gEOM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a57df91-6929-4a7c-8c5a-94dc61dd7c2e_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gEOM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a57df91-6929-4a7c-8c5a-94dc61dd7c2e_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gEOM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a57df91-6929-4a7c-8c5a-94dc61dd7c2e_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8a57df91-6929-4a7c-8c5a-94dc61dd7c2e_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gEOM!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a57df91-6929-4a7c-8c5a-94dc61dd7c2e_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gEOM!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a57df91-6929-4a7c-8c5a-94dc61dd7c2e_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gEOM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a57df91-6929-4a7c-8c5a-94dc61dd7c2e_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gEOM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a57df91-6929-4a7c-8c5a-94dc61dd7c2e_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://apnews.com/article/israel-nuclear-weapons-gaza-iran-china-1e18f34dcec40582166796b0ade65768">AP News</a></p><p><a href="https://apnews.com/article/israel-nuclear-weapons-gaza-iran-china-1e18f34dcec40582166796b0ade65768">Nations condemn Israeli minister's statement about dropping a ...</a></p><p><a href="https://apnews.com/article/israel-nuclear-weapons-gaza-iran-china-1e18f34dcec40582166796b0ade65768">November 13, 2023 &#8212; China, Iran and a multitude of Arab nations condemned an Israeli minister's statement that a nuclear bomb on the Gaza Strip was an option in the Israel-Hamas ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u0uH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31a1b0c1-c843-4b21-bb73-bb87f10eeca9_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u0uH!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31a1b0c1-c843-4b21-bb73-bb87f10eeca9_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u0uH!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31a1b0c1-c843-4b21-bb73-bb87f10eeca9_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u0uH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31a1b0c1-c843-4b21-bb73-bb87f10eeca9_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u0uH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31a1b0c1-c843-4b21-bb73-bb87f10eeca9_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u0uH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31a1b0c1-c843-4b21-bb73-bb87f10eeca9_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/31a1b0c1-c843-4b21-bb73-bb87f10eeca9_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u0uH!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31a1b0c1-c843-4b21-bb73-bb87f10eeca9_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u0uH!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31a1b0c1-c843-4b21-bb73-bb87f10eeca9_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u0uH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31a1b0c1-c843-4b21-bb73-bb87f10eeca9_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u0uH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31a1b0c1-c843-4b21-bb73-bb87f10eeca9_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/far-right-minister-says-nuking-gaza-an-option-pm-suspends-him-from-cabinet-meetings/">The Times of Israel</a></p><p><a href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/far-right-minister-says-nuking-gaza-an-option-pm-suspends-him-from-cabinet-meetings/">Far-right minister says nuking Gaza an option, PM suspends him ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/far-right-minister-says-nuking-gaza-an-option-pm-suspends-him-from-cabinet-meetings/">November 4, 2023 &#8212; Heritage Minister Amichai Eliyahu said Sunday that one of Israel's options in the war against Hamas could be to drop a nuclear bomb on the Gaza Strip.</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T57B!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fef6fe20e-299a-4af8-8c53-38fffe65298f_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T57B!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fef6fe20e-299a-4af8-8c53-38fffe65298f_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T57B!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fef6fe20e-299a-4af8-8c53-38fffe65298f_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T57B!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fef6fe20e-299a-4af8-8c53-38fffe65298f_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T57B!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fef6fe20e-299a-4af8-8c53-38fffe65298f_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T57B!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fef6fe20e-299a-4af8-8c53-38fffe65298f_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ef6fe20e-299a-4af8-8c53-38fffe65298f_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T57B!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fef6fe20e-299a-4af8-8c53-38fffe65298f_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T57B!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fef6fe20e-299a-4af8-8c53-38fffe65298f_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T57B!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fef6fe20e-299a-4af8-8c53-38fffe65298f_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T57B!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fef6fe20e-299a-4af8-8c53-38fffe65298f_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/israel-minister-amichai-eliyahu-suspend-benjamin-netanyahu-nuclear-bomb-gaza-hamas-war/">POLITICO</a></p><p><a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/israel-minister-amichai-eliyahu-suspend-benjamin-netanyahu-nuclear-bomb-gaza-hamas-war/">Israel minister suspended after calling nuking Gaza an option</a></p><p><a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/israel-minister-amichai-eliyahu-suspend-benjamin-netanyahu-nuclear-bomb-gaza-hamas-war/">November 4, 2023 &#8212; Heritage Minister Amichai Eliyahu's statements 'are not based in reality,' Prime Minister Netanyahu says.</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mQhJ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20c45012-ca7e-4ee9-818c-af995d3777ce_31x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mQhJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20c45012-ca7e-4ee9-818c-af995d3777ce_31x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mQhJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20c45012-ca7e-4ee9-818c-af995d3777ce_31x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mQhJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20c45012-ca7e-4ee9-818c-af995d3777ce_31x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mQhJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20c45012-ca7e-4ee9-818c-af995d3777ce_31x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mQhJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20c45012-ca7e-4ee9-818c-af995d3777ce_31x32.png" width="31" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/20c45012-ca7e-4ee9-818c-af995d3777ce_31x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:31,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mQhJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20c45012-ca7e-4ee9-818c-af995d3777ce_31x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mQhJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20c45012-ca7e-4ee9-818c-af995d3777ce_31x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mQhJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20c45012-ca7e-4ee9-818c-af995d3777ce_31x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mQhJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20c45012-ca7e-4ee9-818c-af995d3777ce_31x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/netanyahu-disciplines-israeli-minister-who-voiced-openness-hypothetical-nuclear-2023-11-05/">Reuters</a></p><p><a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/netanyahu-disciplines-israeli-minister-who-voiced-openness-hypothetical-nuclear-2023-11-05/">Netanyahu suspends Israeli minister over Gaza nuclear comment</a></p><p><a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/netanyahu-disciplines-israeli-minister-who-voiced-openness-hypothetical-nuclear-2023-11-05/">November 4, 2023 &#8212; Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on Sunday disciplined a junior member of his cabinet who appeared to voice openness to the idea of Israel ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Mz4J!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4cd2209-15ce-4a5c-ae80-2af9f3f9657f_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Mz4J!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4cd2209-15ce-4a5c-ae80-2af9f3f9657f_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Mz4J!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4cd2209-15ce-4a5c-ae80-2af9f3f9657f_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Mz4J!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4cd2209-15ce-4a5c-ae80-2af9f3f9657f_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Mz4J!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4cd2209-15ce-4a5c-ae80-2af9f3f9657f_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Mz4J!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4cd2209-15ce-4a5c-ae80-2af9f3f9657f_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b4cd2209-15ce-4a5c-ae80-2af9f3f9657f_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Mz4J!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4cd2209-15ce-4a5c-ae80-2af9f3f9657f_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Mz4J!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4cd2209-15ce-4a5c-ae80-2af9f3f9657f_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Mz4J!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4cd2209-15ce-4a5c-ae80-2af9f3f9657f_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Mz4J!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4cd2209-15ce-4a5c-ae80-2af9f3f9657f_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/11/05/israel-minister-reprimanded-over-gaza-nuclear-option-comment_6229042_4.html">Le Monde.fr</a></p><p><a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/11/05/israel-minister-reprimanded-over-gaza-nuclear-option-comment_6229042_4.html">Israel minister reprimanded over Gaza nuclear 'option' comment</a></p><p><a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/11/05/israel-minister-reprimanded-over-gaza-nuclear-option-comment_6229042_4.html">November 4, 2023 &#8212; Heritage Minister Amichai Eliyahu, an ultranationalist member of Netanyahu's coalition, was suspended from government meetings.</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeKO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeKO!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeKO!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeKO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeKO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeKO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/af2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeKO!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeKO!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeKO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeKO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/05/netanyahu-reprimands-israeli-minister-over-gaza-nuclear-option-comment">The Guardian</a></p><p><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/05/netanyahu-reprimands-israeli-minister-over-gaza-nuclear-option-comment">Netanyahu reprimands Israeli minister over Gaza 'nuclear option ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/05/netanyahu-reprimands-israeli-minister-over-gaza-nuclear-option-comment">November 4, 2023 &#8212; The Israeli prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, has disciplined a junior member of his cabinet who appeared to voice openness to the idea of Israel carrying ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://press.un.org/en/2023/sc15473.doc.htm">United Nations Press</a></p><p><a href="https://press.un.org/en/2023/sc15473.doc.htm">Civilians in Gaza Must Not Be Collectively Punished for Atrocities ...</a></p><p><a href="https://press.un.org/en/2023/sc15473.doc.htm">October 29, 2023 &#8212; Civilians in Gaza must not be the target of collective punishment, speakers told the Security Council today, as calls for a ceasefire gained greater urgency.</a></p><p><a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/10/18/israel-unlawful-gaza-blockade-deadly-children">Human Rights Watch</a></p><p><a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/10/18/israel-unlawful-gaza-blockade-deadly-children">Israel: Unlawful Gaza Blockade Deadly for Children</a></p><p><a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/10/18/israel-unlawful-gaza-blockade-deadly-children">October 17, 2023 &#8212; The Israeli government should immediately end its total blockade of the Gaza Strip that is putting Palestinian children and other civilians ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R4BN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd64c9ac-a4af-4a30-96b0-e8aed9128f49_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R4BN!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd64c9ac-a4af-4a30-96b0-e8aed9128f49_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R4BN!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd64c9ac-a4af-4a30-96b0-e8aed9128f49_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R4BN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd64c9ac-a4af-4a30-96b0-e8aed9128f49_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R4BN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd64c9ac-a4af-4a30-96b0-e8aed9128f49_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R4BN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd64c9ac-a4af-4a30-96b0-e8aed9128f49_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/dd64c9ac-a4af-4a30-96b0-e8aed9128f49_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R4BN!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd64c9ac-a4af-4a30-96b0-e8aed9128f49_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R4BN!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd64c9ac-a4af-4a30-96b0-e8aed9128f49_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R4BN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd64c9ac-a4af-4a30-96b0-e8aed9128f49_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R4BN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd64c9ac-a4af-4a30-96b0-e8aed9128f49_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://ccas.georgetown.edu/2023/10/14/the-collective-punishment-of-palestinians-in-gaza/">CCAS</a></p><p><a href="https://ccas.georgetown.edu/2023/10/14/the-collective-punishment-of-palestinians-in-gaza/">The Collective Punishment of Palestinians in Gaza - CCAS</a></p><p><a href="https://ccas.georgetown.edu/2023/10/14/the-collective-punishment-of-palestinians-in-gaza/">October 13, 2023 &#8212; The killing of more than 1300 Israelis&#8212;soldiers, innocent children and civilians&#8212;by Hamas shocked Israel and the world. Israeli human rights ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/10/israel-opt-israel-must-lift-illegal-and-inhumane-blockade-on-gaza-as-power-plant-runs-out-of-fuel/">Amnesty International</a></p><p><a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/10/israel-opt-israel-must-lift-illegal-and-inhumane-blockade-on-gaza-as-power-plant-runs-out-of-fuel/">Israel must lift illegal and inhumane blockade on Gaza</a></p><p><a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/10/israel-opt-israel-must-lift-illegal-and-inhumane-blockade-on-gaza-as-power-plant-runs-out-of-fuel/">October 11, 2023 &#8212; The shutdown of Gaza's only power plant will exacerbate an already desperate humanitarian crisis for more than 2.2 million people trapped in ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mQhJ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20c45012-ca7e-4ee9-818c-af995d3777ce_31x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mQhJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20c45012-ca7e-4ee9-818c-af995d3777ce_31x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mQhJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20c45012-ca7e-4ee9-818c-af995d3777ce_31x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mQhJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20c45012-ca7e-4ee9-818c-af995d3777ce_31x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mQhJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20c45012-ca7e-4ee9-818c-af995d3777ce_31x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mQhJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20c45012-ca7e-4ee9-818c-af995d3777ce_31x32.png" width="31" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/20c45012-ca7e-4ee9-818c-af995d3777ce_31x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:31,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mQhJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20c45012-ca7e-4ee9-818c-af995d3777ce_31x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mQhJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20c45012-ca7e-4ee9-818c-af995d3777ce_31x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mQhJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20c45012-ca7e-4ee9-818c-af995d3777ce_31x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mQhJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20c45012-ca7e-4ee9-818c-af995d3777ce_31x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/un-experts-say-israels-strikes-gaza-amount-collective-punishment-2023-10-12/">Reuters</a></p><p><a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/un-experts-say-israels-strikes-gaza-amount-collective-punishment-2023-10-12/">UN experts say Israel's strikes on Gaza amount to 'collective ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/un-experts-say-israels-strikes-gaza-amount-collective-punishment-2023-10-12/">October 11, 2023 &#8212; A group of independent United Nations experts on Thursday condemned violence against civilians in Israel and deplored the "collective punishment" of reprisal ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J2cv!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd63398ad-5d30-4664-bfcc-3f0d2c01145d_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J2cv!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd63398ad-5d30-4664-bfcc-3f0d2c01145d_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J2cv!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd63398ad-5d30-4664-bfcc-3f0d2c01145d_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J2cv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd63398ad-5d30-4664-bfcc-3f0d2c01145d_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J2cv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd63398ad-5d30-4664-bfcc-3f0d2c01145d_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J2cv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd63398ad-5d30-4664-bfcc-3f0d2c01145d_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d63398ad-5d30-4664-bfcc-3f0d2c01145d_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J2cv!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd63398ad-5d30-4664-bfcc-3f0d2c01145d_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J2cv!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd63398ad-5d30-4664-bfcc-3f0d2c01145d_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J2cv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd63398ad-5d30-4664-bfcc-3f0d2c01145d_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J2cv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd63398ad-5d30-4664-bfcc-3f0d2c01145d_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/operation-opera-daring-1981-airstrike-on-nuclear-reactor-in-focus-as-israel-faces-multi-front-war-4471744">www.ndtv.com</a></p><p><a href="https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/operation-opera-daring-1981-airstrike-on-nuclear-reactor-in-focus-as-israel-faces-multi-front-war-4471744">In 1981, Israel Bombed Nuclear Reactor In Iraq. Why It's Relevant ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/operation-opera-daring-1981-airstrike-on-nuclear-reactor-in-focus-as-israel-faces-multi-front-war-4471744">October 10, 2023 &#8212; On June 7, 1981 at 4 pm, 14 fighter jets took off from Etzion airport in Israel. At approximately 5.30 pm, they struck and destroyed the Osirak ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/9/is-total-gaza-blockade-a-collective-punishment-against-palestinians">Al Jazeera</a></p><p><a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/9/is-total-gaza-blockade-a-collective-punishment-against-palestinians">Is 'total' Gaza blockade a collective punishment against Palestinians?</a></p><p><a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/9/is-total-gaza-blockade-a-collective-punishment-against-palestinians">October 8, 2023 &#8212; Israel announces a blockade on the Gaza Strip, meaning more than 2 million people will suffer for the acts of a few.</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P2BM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6dea1f17-60ad-4ed5-8dfd-fe5c5c8afc4b_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P2BM!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6dea1f17-60ad-4ed5-8dfd-fe5c5c8afc4b_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P2BM!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6dea1f17-60ad-4ed5-8dfd-fe5c5c8afc4b_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P2BM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6dea1f17-60ad-4ed5-8dfd-fe5c5c8afc4b_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P2BM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6dea1f17-60ad-4ed5-8dfd-fe5c5c8afc4b_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P2BM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6dea1f17-60ad-4ed5-8dfd-fe5c5c8afc4b_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6dea1f17-60ad-4ed5-8dfd-fe5c5c8afc4b_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P2BM!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6dea1f17-60ad-4ed5-8dfd-fe5c5c8afc4b_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P2BM!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6dea1f17-60ad-4ed5-8dfd-fe5c5c8afc4b_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P2BM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6dea1f17-60ad-4ed5-8dfd-fe5c5c8afc4b_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P2BM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6dea1f17-60ad-4ed5-8dfd-fe5c5c8afc4b_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2023/09/29/711758/Qatar-Israel-nuclear-IAEA-NPT">Press TV</a></p><p><a href="https://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2023/09/29/711758/Qatar-Israel-nuclear-IAEA-NPT">Qatar calls for Israeli nuclear facilities to be subjected to IAEA ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2023/09/29/711758/Qatar-Israel-nuclear-IAEA-NPT">September 28, 2023 &#8212; Qatar has called for the Israeli regime's nuclear facilities to be subjected to the International Atomic Energy Agency's safeguards amid Tel ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://press.un.org/en/2023/sc15424.doc.htm">United Nations Press</a></p><p><a href="https://press.un.org/en/2023/sc15424.doc.htm">Settlement Expansion in Occupied Palestinian Territory Violates ...</a></p><p><a href="https://press.un.org/en/2023/sc15424.doc.htm">September 26, 2023 &#8212; Council members stressed that the expanding Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory are a violation of international law and must cease.</a></p><p><a href="https://www.irinsider.org/home/z63b250to8nrdavyzm0nfj5sipzh41">IR Insider</a></p><p><a href="https://www.irinsider.org/home/z63b250to8nrdavyzm0nfj5sipzh41">Israel's Efforts to Influence Negotiations on the Iran Nuclear Deal ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.irinsider.org/home/z63b250to8nrdavyzm0nfj5sipzh41">October 5, 2022 &#8212; Israeli officials across the political spectrum have historically opposed the JCPOA, arguing that it did not go far enough to permanently end ...</a></p><p><a href="https://ngo-monitor.org/reports/amnesty-internationals-cruel-assault-on-israel/">ngomonitor - Making NGOs Accountable</a></p><p><a href="https://ngo-monitor.org/reports/amnesty-internationals-cruel-assault-on-israel/">Amnesty International's Cruel Assault on Israel - NGO Monitor</a></p><p><a href="https://ngo-monitor.org/reports/amnesty-internationals-cruel-assault-on-israel/">April 13, 2022 &#8212; In February 2022, Amnesty released a 280-page report on Apartheid. As detailed in this report, the publication is fundamentally flawed, ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7-Vo!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F512571d5-7686-46ea-a7c4-b1c9a05c4c38_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7-Vo!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F512571d5-7686-46ea-a7c4-b1c9a05c4c38_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7-Vo!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F512571d5-7686-46ea-a7c4-b1c9a05c4c38_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7-Vo!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F512571d5-7686-46ea-a7c4-b1c9a05c4c38_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7-Vo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F512571d5-7686-46ea-a7c4-b1c9a05c4c38_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7-Vo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F512571d5-7686-46ea-a7c4-b1c9a05c4c38_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/512571d5-7686-46ea-a7c4-b1c9a05c4c38_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7-Vo!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F512571d5-7686-46ea-a7c4-b1c9a05c4c38_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7-Vo!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F512571d5-7686-46ea-a7c4-b1c9a05c4c38_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7-Vo!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F512571d5-7686-46ea-a7c4-b1c9a05c4c38_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7-Vo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F512571d5-7686-46ea-a7c4-b1c9a05c4c38_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://spheresofinfluence.ca/separation-wall-palestine-icj/">Spheres of Influence</a></p><p><a href="https://spheresofinfluence.ca/separation-wall-palestine-icj/">Eighteen Years Later, the ICJ's Ruling on the Separation Wall in ...</a></p><p><a href="https://spheresofinfluence.ca/separation-wall-palestine-icj/">March 10, 2022 &#8212; Although the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled in 2004 that the wall is illegal and called on Israel to dismantle it, Israel has continued to expand ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2Pix!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2b08efd-5b25-45a1-8047-0d7e255570d9_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2Pix!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2b08efd-5b25-45a1-8047-0d7e255570d9_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2Pix!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2b08efd-5b25-45a1-8047-0d7e255570d9_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2Pix!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2b08efd-5b25-45a1-8047-0d7e255570d9_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2Pix!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2b08efd-5b25-45a1-8047-0d7e255570d9_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2Pix!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2b08efd-5b25-45a1-8047-0d7e255570d9_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e2b08efd-5b25-45a1-8047-0d7e255570d9_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2Pix!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2b08efd-5b25-45a1-8047-0d7e255570d9_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2Pix!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2b08efd-5b25-45a1-8047-0d7e255570d9_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2Pix!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2b08efd-5b25-45a1-8047-0d7e255570d9_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2Pix!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2b08efd-5b25-45a1-8047-0d7e255570d9_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.swp-berlin.org/publikation/amnesty-international-and-the-apartheid-claim-against-israel">Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP)</a></p><p><a href="https://www.swp-berlin.org/publikation/amnesty-international-and-the-apartheid-claim-against-israel">Amnesty International and the Apartheid Claim Against Israel</a></p><p><a href="https://www.swp-berlin.org/publikation/amnesty-international-and-the-apartheid-claim-against-israel">February 28, 2022 &#8212; On 1 February 2022, Amnesty International released a comprehensive report claiming that Israel is engaged in apartheid against the Palestinians.</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2022/02/israels-system-of-apartheid/">Amnesty International</a></p><p><a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2022/02/israels-system-of-apartheid/">Israel's apartheid against Palestinians - Amnesty International</a></p><p><a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2022/02/israels-system-of-apartheid/">January 31, 2022 &#8212; The term &#8220;apartheid&#8221; was originally used to refer to a political system in South Africa which explicitly enforced racial segregation, and the ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/02/israels-apartheid-against-palestinians-a-cruel-system-of-domination-and-a-crime-against-humanity/">Amnesty International</a></p><p><a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/02/israels-apartheid-against-palestinians-a-cruel-system-of-domination-and-a-crime-against-humanity/">Israel's apartheid against Palestinians: a cruel system of domination ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/02/israels-apartheid-against-palestinians-a-cruel-system-of-domination-and-a-crime-against-humanity/">January 31, 2022 &#8212; Israeli authorities must be held accountable for committing the crime of apartheid against Palestinians, Amnesty International said today in ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bd5Z!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F499d8b9c-e960-4537-a080-9df3ea52cc1b_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bd5Z!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F499d8b9c-e960-4537-a080-9df3ea52cc1b_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bd5Z!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F499d8b9c-e960-4537-a080-9df3ea52cc1b_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bd5Z!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F499d8b9c-e960-4537-a080-9df3ea52cc1b_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bd5Z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F499d8b9c-e960-4537-a080-9df3ea52cc1b_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bd5Z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F499d8b9c-e960-4537-a080-9df3ea52cc1b_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/499d8b9c-e960-4537-a080-9df3ea52cc1b_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bd5Z!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F499d8b9c-e960-4537-a080-9df3ea52cc1b_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bd5Z!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F499d8b9c-e960-4537-a080-9df3ea52cc1b_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bd5Z!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F499d8b9c-e960-4537-a080-9df3ea52cc1b_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bd5Z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F499d8b9c-e960-4537-a080-9df3ea52cc1b_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/amnesty-international-releases-report-accusing-israel-of-apartheid">PBS: Public Broadcasting Service</a></p><p><a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/amnesty-international-releases-report-accusing-israel-of-apartheid">Amnesty International releases report accusing Israel of apartheid</a></p><p><a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/amnesty-international-releases-report-accusing-israel-of-apartheid">January 31, 2022 &#8212; Palestinians have accused Israel of apartheid for decades. The Palestinian Authority, which administers parts of the occupied West Bank and ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeKO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeKO!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeKO!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeKO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeKO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeKO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/af2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeKO!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeKO!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeKO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeKO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/01/amnesty-international-calls-israel-actions-against-palestinians-apartheid">The Guardian</a></p><p><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/01/amnesty-international-calls-israel-actions-against-palestinians-apartheid">Amnesty International calls Israel's actions against Palestinians ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/01/amnesty-international-calls-israel-actions-against-palestinians-apartheid">January 31, 2022 &#8212; While in the past much of the focus of claims of Israeli apartheid has focused on conditions in Palestinian areas seized by Israel during the ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/07/19/israeli-apartheid-threshold-crossed">Human Rights Watch</a></p><p><a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/07/19/israeli-apartheid-threshold-crossed">Israeli Apartheid: "A Threshold Crossed" | Human Rights Watch</a></p><p><a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/07/19/israeli-apartheid-threshold-crossed">July 18, 2021 &#8212; Many in Germany, including those critical of Israeli human rights abuses, remain hesitant to apply the label of apartheid to Israeli conduct ...</a></p><p><a href="https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/iraq-nuclear-vault/2021-06-07/osirak-israels-strike-iraqs-nuclear-reactor-40-years-later">National Security Archive</a></p><p><a href="https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/iraq-nuclear-vault/2021-06-07/osirak-israels-strike-iraqs-nuclear-reactor-40-years-later">Israeli Attack on Iraq's Osirak 1981: Setback or Impetus for Nuclear ...</a></p><p><a href="https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/iraq-nuclear-vault/2021-06-07/osirak-israels-strike-iraqs-nuclear-reactor-40-years-later">June 6, 2021 &#8212; On June 7, 1981, 40 years ago today, Israel attacked and partially destroyed Iraq's Osirak nuclear research reactor at Tuwaitha.</a></p><p><a href="https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/04/27/threshold-crossed/israeli-authorities-and-crimes-apartheid-and-persecution">Human Rights Watch</a></p><p><a href="https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/04/27/threshold-crossed/israeli-authorities-and-crimes-apartheid-and-persecution">A Threshold Crossed: Israeli Authorities and the Crimes of Apartheid ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/04/27/threshold-crossed/israeli-authorities-and-crimes-apartheid-and-persecution">April 26, 2021 &#8212; The 213-page report, &#8220;A Threshold Crossed: Israeli Authorities and the Crimes of Apartheid and Persecution,&#8221; examines Israel's treatment of ...</a></p><p><a href="https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/nuclear-vault/2020-11-10/duplicity-deception-self-deception-israel-united-states-dimona-inspections-1964-65">National Security Archive</a></p><p><a href="https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/nuclear-vault/2020-11-10/duplicity-deception-self-deception-israel-united-states-dimona-inspections-1964-65">Israel, the United States, and the Dimona Inspections, 1964-65</a></p><p><a href="https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/nuclear-vault/2020-11-10/duplicity-deception-self-deception-israel-united-states-dimona-inspections-1964-65">November 9, 2020 &#8212; US inspectors uncovered no evidence of weapons work in 1964 and 1965 but believed that future regular inspections were essential.</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OFMR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b7fe9e3-284b-483b-b8d7-d4b71c24a597_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OFMR!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b7fe9e3-284b-483b-b8d7-d4b71c24a597_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OFMR!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b7fe9e3-284b-483b-b8d7-d4b71c24a597_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OFMR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b7fe9e3-284b-483b-b8d7-d4b71c24a597_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OFMR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b7fe9e3-284b-483b-b8d7-d4b71c24a597_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OFMR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b7fe9e3-284b-483b-b8d7-d4b71c24a597_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4b7fe9e3-284b-483b-b8d7-d4b71c24a597_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OFMR!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b7fe9e3-284b-483b-b8d7-d4b71c24a597_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OFMR!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b7fe9e3-284b-483b-b8d7-d4b71c24a597_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OFMR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b7fe9e3-284b-483b-b8d7-d4b71c24a597_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OFMR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b7fe9e3-284b-483b-b8d7-d4b71c24a597_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://imeu.org/article/quick-facts-israeli-annexation-of-occupied-land-international-law">IMEU</a></p><p><a href="https://imeu.org/article/quick-facts-israeli-annexation-of-occupied-land-international-law">Quick Facts: Israeli Annexation of Occupied Land &amp; International Law</a></p><p><a href="https://imeu.org/article/quick-facts-israeli-annexation-of-occupied-land-international-law">June 21, 2020 &#8212; Israeli annexation of the occupied Palestinian West Bank is a serious violation of the Charter of the United Nations and the Geneva Conventions.</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5dpW!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9dbfec2-6e84-4459-837a-6438427b0ee6_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5dpW!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9dbfec2-6e84-4459-837a-6438427b0ee6_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5dpW!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9dbfec2-6e84-4459-837a-6438427b0ee6_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5dpW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9dbfec2-6e84-4459-837a-6438427b0ee6_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5dpW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9dbfec2-6e84-4459-837a-6438427b0ee6_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5dpW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9dbfec2-6e84-4459-837a-6438427b0ee6_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d9dbfec2-6e84-4459-837a-6438427b0ee6_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5dpW!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9dbfec2-6e84-4459-837a-6438427b0ee6_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5dpW!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9dbfec2-6e84-4459-837a-6438427b0ee6_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5dpW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9dbfec2-6e84-4459-837a-6438427b0ee6_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5dpW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9dbfec2-6e84-4459-837a-6438427b0ee6_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.law.gmu.edu/news/2019/israeli_settlements_do_not_violate_international_law_according_to_eugene_kontorovich">Antonin Scalia Law School</a></p><p><a href="https://www.law.gmu.edu/news/2019/israeli_settlements_do_not_violate_international_law_according_to_eugene_kontorovich">&#8220;Israeli settlements in the West Bank do not violate international law ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.law.gmu.edu/news/2019/israeli_settlements_do_not_violate_international_law_according_to_eugene_kontorovich">November 19, 2019 &#8212; &#8220;Israeli settlements in the West Bank do not violate international law,&#8221; according to Eugene Kontorovich | Antonin Scalia Law School.</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MII0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0678e5d2-7a56-4fa1-85ed-1a64c74c90e0_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MII0!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0678e5d2-7a56-4fa1-85ed-1a64c74c90e0_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MII0!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0678e5d2-7a56-4fa1-85ed-1a64c74c90e0_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MII0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0678e5d2-7a56-4fa1-85ed-1a64c74c90e0_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MII0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0678e5d2-7a56-4fa1-85ed-1a64c74c90e0_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MII0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0678e5d2-7a56-4fa1-85ed-1a64c74c90e0_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0678e5d2-7a56-4fa1-85ed-1a64c74c90e0_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MII0!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0678e5d2-7a56-4fa1-85ed-1a64c74c90e0_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MII0!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0678e5d2-7a56-4fa1-85ed-1a64c74c90e0_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MII0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0678e5d2-7a56-4fa1-85ed-1a64c74c90e0_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MII0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0678e5d2-7a56-4fa1-85ed-1a64c74c90e0_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.wagingpeace.org/israel-history/">Waging Peace</a></p><p><a href="https://www.wagingpeace.org/israel-history/">Israel's Nuclear Program</a></p><p><a href="https://www.wagingpeace.org/israel-history/">September 30, 2019 &#8212; The author Ofer Israeli explains: &#8220;This approach is called amimut in Hebrew, which translates into 'ambiguity' or 'opacity'.</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/7/9/israels-separation-wall-endures-15-years-after-icj-ruling">Al Jazeera</a></p><p><a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/7/9/israels-separation-wall-endures-15-years-after-icj-ruling">Israel's separation wall endures, 15 years after ICJ ruling - Al Jazeera</a></p><p><a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/7/9/israels-separation-wall-endures-15-years-after-icj-ruling">July 8, 2019 &#8212; The separation wall, deemed illegal by ICJ, cuts into occupied West Bank territory, and will be 712km (442 miles) long upon completion.</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b3Kn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41ed7607-5067-4967-85e2-3bc37ac2de41_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b3Kn!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41ed7607-5067-4967-85e2-3bc37ac2de41_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b3Kn!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41ed7607-5067-4967-85e2-3bc37ac2de41_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b3Kn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41ed7607-5067-4967-85e2-3bc37ac2de41_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b3Kn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41ed7607-5067-4967-85e2-3bc37ac2de41_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b3Kn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41ed7607-5067-4967-85e2-3bc37ac2de41_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/41ed7607-5067-4967-85e2-3bc37ac2de41_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b3Kn!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41ed7607-5067-4967-85e2-3bc37ac2de41_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b3Kn!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41ed7607-5067-4967-85e2-3bc37ac2de41_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b3Kn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41ed7607-5067-4967-85e2-3bc37ac2de41_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b3Kn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41ed7607-5067-4967-85e2-3bc37ac2de41_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://basicint.org/why-the-israeli-policy-of-nuclear-ambiguity-is-harmful-for-prospects-of-a-wmd-free-zone-in-the-middle-east/">BASIC</a></p><p><a href="https://basicint.org/why-the-israeli-policy-of-nuclear-ambiguity-is-harmful-for-prospects-of-a-wmd-free-zone-in-the-middle-east/">Why The Israeli Policy Of Nuclear Ambiguity Is Harmful For ... - BASIC</a></p><p><a href="https://basicint.org/why-the-israeli-policy-of-nuclear-ambiguity-is-harmful-for-prospects-of-a-wmd-free-zone-in-the-middle-east/">June 20, 2019 &#8212; The Israeli policy of ambiguity (Amimut) was viewed as a way to keep Israel and its nuclear programme safe as Israel's allies were seen as ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gZ5m!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F775c75f0-4cf9-449a-ad0c-1302cca0ab50_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2019/01/chapter-3-israeli-settlements-and-international-law/">Amnesty International</a></p><p><a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2019/01/chapter-3-israeli-settlements-and-international-law/">Chapter 3: Israeli Settlements and International Law</a></p><p><a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2019/01/chapter-3-israeli-settlements-and-international-law/">January 29, 2019 &#8212; Some of these children serve their sentences within Israel, in violation of the Fourth Geneva Convention. The UN has also documented that ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1mtl!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1386e62b-16af-4f11-837a-3f92f1452a09_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1mtl!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1386e62b-16af-4f11-837a-3f92f1452a09_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1mtl!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1386e62b-16af-4f11-837a-3f92f1452a09_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1mtl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1386e62b-16af-4f11-837a-3f92f1452a09_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1mtl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1386e62b-16af-4f11-837a-3f92f1452a09_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1mtl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1386e62b-16af-4f11-837a-3f92f1452a09_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1386e62b-16af-4f11-837a-3f92f1452a09_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1mtl!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1386e62b-16af-4f11-837a-3f92f1452a09_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1mtl!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1386e62b-16af-4f11-837a-3f92f1452a09_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1mtl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1386e62b-16af-4f11-837a-3f92f1452a09_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1mtl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1386e62b-16af-4f11-837a-3f92f1452a09_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://tnsr.org/2018/08/restraining-an-ally-israel-the-united-states-and-irans-nuclear-program-2011-2012/">Texas National Security Review</a></p><p><a href="https://tnsr.org/2018/08/restraining-an-ally-israel-the-united-states-and-irans-nuclear-program-2011-2012/">Restraining an Ally: Israel, the United States, and Iran's Nuclear ...</a></p><p><a href="https://tnsr.org/2018/08/restraining-an-ally-israel-the-united-states-and-irans-nuclear-program-2011-2012/">August 13, 2018 &#8212; 175 To force the Obama administration to escalate sanctions on Iran, Israel engaged in heavy lobbying on Capitol Hill. Sanctions against Iran's ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bd5Z!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F499d8b9c-e960-4537-a080-9df3ea52cc1b_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bd5Z!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F499d8b9c-e960-4537-a080-9df3ea52cc1b_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bd5Z!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F499d8b9c-e960-4537-a080-9df3ea52cc1b_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bd5Z!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F499d8b9c-e960-4537-a080-9df3ea52cc1b_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bd5Z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F499d8b9c-e960-4537-a080-9df3ea52cc1b_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bd5Z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F499d8b9c-e960-4537-a080-9df3ea52cc1b_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/499d8b9c-e960-4537-a080-9df3ea52cc1b_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bd5Z!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F499d8b9c-e960-4537-a080-9df3ea52cc1b_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bd5Z!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F499d8b9c-e960-4537-a080-9df3ea52cc1b_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bd5Z!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F499d8b9c-e960-4537-a080-9df3ea52cc1b_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bd5Z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F499d8b9c-e960-4537-a080-9df3ea52cc1b_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/israeli-military-confirms-it-hit-syrian-nuclear-site-in-2007">PBS: Public Broadcasting Service</a></p><p><a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/israeli-military-confirms-it-hit-syrian-nuclear-site-in-2007">Israeli military confirms it hit Syrian nuclear site in 2007 | PBS News</a></p><p><a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/israeli-military-confirms-it-hit-syrian-nuclear-site-in-2007">March 20, 2018 &#8212; The Israeli military confirmed on Wednesday it carried out the 2007 airstrike in Syria that destroyed what was believed to be a nuclear reactor.</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeKO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeKO!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeKO!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeKO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeKO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeKO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/af2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeKO!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeKO!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeKO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeKO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf2e0ab8-e17c-48f8-acee-2501ba012b65_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/21/israel-admits-it-carried-out-2007-airstrike-on-syrian-nuclear-reactor">The Guardian</a></p><p><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/21/israel-admits-it-carried-out-2007-airstrike-on-syrian-nuclear-reactor">Israel confirms it carried out 2007 airstrike on Syrian nuclear reactor</a></p><p><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/21/israel-admits-it-carried-out-2007-airstrike-on-syrian-nuclear-reactor">March 20, 2018 &#8212; Israel's military has gone public for the first time to confirm a 2007 airstrike on a suspected Syrian nuclear reactor, announcing details of a night-time ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!poQp!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66fd771b-4c15-4562-8540-e88ac7ebd1be_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!poQp!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66fd771b-4c15-4562-8540-e88ac7ebd1be_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!poQp!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66fd771b-4c15-4562-8540-e88ac7ebd1be_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!poQp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66fd771b-4c15-4562-8540-e88ac7ebd1be_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!poQp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66fd771b-4c15-4562-8540-e88ac7ebd1be_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!poQp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66fd771b-4c15-4562-8540-e88ac7ebd1be_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/66fd771b-4c15-4562-8540-e88ac7ebd1be_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!poQp!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66fd771b-4c15-4562-8540-e88ac7ebd1be_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!poQp!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66fd771b-4c15-4562-8540-e88ac7ebd1be_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!poQp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66fd771b-4c15-4562-8540-e88ac7ebd1be_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!poQp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66fd771b-4c15-4562-8540-e88ac7ebd1be_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://thestrategybridge.org/the-bridge/2017/8/3/secrecy-and-signaling-the-israeli-approach-to-nuclear-weapons">The Strategy Bridge</a></p><p><a href="https://thestrategybridge.org/the-bridge/2017/8/3/secrecy-and-signaling-the-israeli-approach-to-nuclear-weapons">Secrecy and Signaling: The Israeli Approach to Nuclear Weapons</a></p><p><a href="https://thestrategybridge.org/the-bridge/2017/8/3/secrecy-and-signaling-the-israeli-approach-to-nuclear-weapons">August 2, 2017 &#8212; The Middle East has experienced enormous changes since the 1950s. Yet, the Israeli nuclear policy of ambiguity and opacity has not changed ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://press.un.org/en/2016/sc12657.doc.htm">United Nations Press</a></p><p><a href="https://press.un.org/en/2016/sc12657.doc.htm">Israel's Settlements Have No Legal Validity, Constitute Flagrant ...</a></p><p><a href="https://press.un.org/en/2016/sc12657.doc.htm">December 22, 2016 &#8212; Israel's settlements have no legal validity, constitute flagrant violation of international law, Security Council reaffirms.</a></p><p><a href="https://www.corporatecrimereporter.com/news/200/lawsuit-claims-aid-to-nuclear-israel-illegal-under-symington-glenn-amendments/">Corporate Crime Reporter</a></p><p><a href="https://www.corporatecrimereporter.com/news/200/lawsuit-claims-aid-to-nuclear-israel-illegal-under-symington-glenn-amendments/">Lawsuit Claims Aid to Nuclear Israel Illegal Under Symington Glenn ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.corporatecrimereporter.com/news/200/lawsuit-claims-aid-to-nuclear-israel-illegal-under-symington-glenn-amendments/">August 10, 2016 &#8212; A lawsuit filed in federal court in Washington, DC claims that United States aid to Israel is illegal under a law passed in the 1970s that prohibits aid to ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YJWh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F984681eb-f137-4c3e-bd32-db82b48bbdec_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YJWh!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F984681eb-f137-4c3e-bd32-db82b48bbdec_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YJWh!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F984681eb-f137-4c3e-bd32-db82b48bbdec_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YJWh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F984681eb-f137-4c3e-bd32-db82b48bbdec_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YJWh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F984681eb-f137-4c3e-bd32-db82b48bbdec_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YJWh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F984681eb-f137-4c3e-bd32-db82b48bbdec_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/984681eb-f137-4c3e-bd32-db82b48bbdec_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YJWh!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F984681eb-f137-4c3e-bd32-db82b48bbdec_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YJWh!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F984681eb-f137-4c3e-bd32-db82b48bbdec_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YJWh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F984681eb-f137-4c3e-bd32-db82b48bbdec_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YJWh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F984681eb-f137-4c3e-bd32-db82b48bbdec_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/kennedy-dimona-and-the-nuclear-proliferation-problem-1961-1962">Wilson Center</a></p><p><a href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/kennedy-dimona-and-the-nuclear-proliferation-problem-1961-1962">Kennedy, Dimona and the Nuclear Proliferation Problem: 1961-1962</a></p><p><a href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/kennedy-dimona-and-the-nuclear-proliferation-problem-1961-1962">April 20, 2016 &#8212; The Kennedy administration believed that IAEA inspections of Dimona were a valid long-term goal but recognized that a second visit by U.S. ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/8/5/netanyahu-lobbies-us-jews-to-act-against-iran-deal">Al Jazeera</a></p><p><a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/8/5/netanyahu-lobbies-us-jews-to-act-against-iran-deal">Netanyahu lobbies US Jews to act against Iran deal - Al Jazeera</a></p><p><a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/8/5/netanyahu-lobbies-us-jews-to-act-against-iran-deal">August 4, 2015 &#8212; Israeli PM says Iran nuclear deal &#8220;will bring war&#8221; as he attempts to mobilise Jewish Americans against the pact.</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Necx!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4bf9474-f6cb-44bc-8c5c-b23e82b0de5e_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Necx!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4bf9474-f6cb-44bc-8c5c-b23e82b0de5e_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Necx!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4bf9474-f6cb-44bc-8c5c-b23e82b0de5e_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Necx!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4bf9474-f6cb-44bc-8c5c-b23e82b0de5e_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Necx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4bf9474-f6cb-44bc-8c5c-b23e82b0de5e_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Necx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4bf9474-f6cb-44bc-8c5c-b23e82b0de5e_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b4bf9474-f6cb-44bc-8c5c-b23e82b0de5e_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Necx!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4bf9474-f6cb-44bc-8c5c-b23e82b0de5e_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Necx!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4bf9474-f6cb-44bc-8c5c-b23e82b0de5e_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Necx!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4bf9474-f6cb-44bc-8c5c-b23e82b0de5e_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Necx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4bf9474-f6cb-44bc-8c5c-b23e82b0de5e_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.politico.com/story/2015/08/rep-steve-israel-announces-opposition-to-iran-deal-121000">Politico</a></p><p><a href="https://www.politico.com/story/2015/08/rep-steve-israel-announces-opposition-to-iran-deal-121000">Rep. Israel announces opposition to Iran deal - POLITICO</a></p><p><a href="https://www.politico.com/story/2015/08/rep-steve-israel-announces-opposition-to-iran-deal-121000">August 3, 2015 &#8212; New York Rep. Steve Israel said Tuesday that he would oppose the nonproliferation deal at the center of President Barack Obama's foreign policy agenda.</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vtbZ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e0bf978-492b-4457-9686-01808ed981a2_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vtbZ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e0bf978-492b-4457-9686-01808ed981a2_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vtbZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e0bf978-492b-4457-9686-01808ed981a2_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vtbZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e0bf978-492b-4457-9686-01808ed981a2_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vtbZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e0bf978-492b-4457-9686-01808ed981a2_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vtbZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e0bf978-492b-4457-9686-01808ed981a2_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6e0bf978-492b-4457-9686-01808ed981a2_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vtbZ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e0bf978-492b-4457-9686-01808ed981a2_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vtbZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e0bf978-492b-4457-9686-01808ed981a2_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vtbZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e0bf978-492b-4457-9686-01808ed981a2_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vtbZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e0bf978-492b-4457-9686-01808ed981a2_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/israel-prime-minister-benjamin-netanyahu-iran-nuclear-deal-bad-mistake/">CBS News</a></p><p><a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/israel-prime-minister-benjamin-netanyahu-iran-nuclear-deal-bad-mistake/">Netanyahu slams Iran deal as a "historic" mistake - CBS News</a></p><p><a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/israel-prime-minister-benjamin-netanyahu-iran-nuclear-deal-bad-mistake/">July 13, 2015 &#8212; As U.S. and European diplomats trumpet success, Israeli leader says agreement will allow Iran to pursue "terror in the region"</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YJWh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F984681eb-f137-4c3e-bd32-db82b48bbdec_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YJWh!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F984681eb-f137-4c3e-bd32-db82b48bbdec_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YJWh!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F984681eb-f137-4c3e-bd32-db82b48bbdec_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YJWh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F984681eb-f137-4c3e-bd32-db82b48bbdec_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YJWh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F984681eb-f137-4c3e-bd32-db82b48bbdec_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YJWh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F984681eb-f137-4c3e-bd32-db82b48bbdec_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/984681eb-f137-4c3e-bd32-db82b48bbdec_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YJWh!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F984681eb-f137-4c3e-bd32-db82b48bbdec_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YJWh!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F984681eb-f137-4c3e-bd32-db82b48bbdec_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YJWh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F984681eb-f137-4c3e-bd32-db82b48bbdec_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YJWh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F984681eb-f137-4c3e-bd32-db82b48bbdec_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/the-us-discovery-israels-secret-nuclear-project">Wilson Center</a></p><p><a href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/the-us-discovery-israels-secret-nuclear-project">The US Discovery of Israel's Secret Nuclear Project | Wilson Center</a></p><p><a href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/the-us-discovery-israels-secret-nuclear-project">April 14, 2015 &#8212; Inspection: When McCone urged that the U.S. insist the Dimona plant be under IAEA safeguards, Gates suggested that the Israelis be asked to open ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUTC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6d44de-6681-4b76-a673-f6a3aff43a37_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/4/14/why-saudi-arabia-and-israel-oppose-iran-nuclear-deal">Al Jazeera</a></p><p><a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/4/14/why-saudi-arabia-and-israel-oppose-iran-nuclear-deal">Why Saudi Arabia and Israel oppose Iran nuclear deal - Al Jazeera</a></p><p><a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/4/14/why-saudi-arabia-and-israel-oppose-iran-nuclear-deal">April 13, 2015 &#8212; With a nuclear-armed Iran, Israel would also be severely limited in its ability to strike against Tehran's regional allies, including the ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EJiU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22bf2754-a1cf-4d4b-9615-7c0e75e8b113_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EJiU!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22bf2754-a1cf-4d4b-9615-7c0e75e8b113_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EJiU!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22bf2754-a1cf-4d4b-9615-7c0e75e8b113_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EJiU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22bf2754-a1cf-4d4b-9615-7c0e75e8b113_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EJiU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22bf2754-a1cf-4d4b-9615-7c0e75e8b113_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EJiU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22bf2754-a1cf-4d4b-9615-7c0e75e8b113_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/22bf2754-a1cf-4d4b-9615-7c0e75e8b113_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EJiU!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22bf2754-a1cf-4d4b-9615-7c0e75e8b113_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EJiU!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22bf2754-a1cf-4d4b-9615-7c0e75e8b113_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EJiU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22bf2754-a1cf-4d4b-9615-7c0e75e8b113_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EJiU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22bf2754-a1cf-4d4b-9615-7c0e75e8b113_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.npr.org/2013/11/20/246278996/israelis-disagree-on-how-to-keep-iran-from-nuclear-weapons">NPR</a></p><p><a href="https://www.npr.org/2013/11/20/246278996/israelis-disagree-on-how-to-keep-iran-from-nuclear-weapons">Israelis Disagree On How To Keep Iran From Nuclear Weapons - NPR</a></p><p><a href="https://www.npr.org/2013/11/20/246278996/israelis-disagree-on-how-to-keep-iran-from-nuclear-weapons">November 19, 2013 &#8212; Israel has been lobbying hard against any agreement with Iran that eases sanctions while allowing Iran to continue enriching nuclear material.</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1uxF!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7415cf13-83b4-4f5e-919a-5a68c4fb4e90_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1uxF!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7415cf13-83b4-4f5e-919a-5a68c4fb4e90_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1uxF!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7415cf13-83b4-4f5e-919a-5a68c4fb4e90_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1uxF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7415cf13-83b4-4f5e-919a-5a68c4fb4e90_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1uxF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7415cf13-83b4-4f5e-919a-5a68c4fb4e90_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1uxF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7415cf13-83b4-4f5e-919a-5a68c4fb4e90_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7415cf13-83b4-4f5e-919a-5a68c4fb4e90_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1uxF!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7415cf13-83b4-4f5e-919a-5a68c4fb4e90_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1uxF!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7415cf13-83b4-4f5e-919a-5a68c4fb4e90_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1uxF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7415cf13-83b4-4f5e-919a-5a68c4fb4e90_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1uxF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7415cf13-83b4-4f5e-919a-5a68c4fb4e90_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2013/10/18/nuclear-weapons-areisraelsworstkeptsecretsaysisraelihistorian.html">Al Jazeera</a></p><p><a href="https://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2013/10/18/nuclear-weapons-areisraelsworstkeptsecretsaysisraelihistorian.html">Nuclear weapons are Israel's 'worst-kept secret,' says Israeli historian</a></p><p><a href="https://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2013/10/18/nuclear-weapons-areisraelsworstkeptsecretsaysisraelihistorian.html">October 17, 2013 &#8212; Israel has long hewed to a policy of nuclear opacity &#8212; known as amimut in Hebrew &#8212; neither confirming nor denying the existence of a substantial ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U62n!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9eba270-4d67-4aa8-b27b-223281d5b50b_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U62n!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9eba270-4d67-4aa8-b27b-223281d5b50b_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U62n!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9eba270-4d67-4aa8-b27b-223281d5b50b_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U62n!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9eba270-4d67-4aa8-b27b-223281d5b50b_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U62n!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9eba270-4d67-4aa8-b27b-223281d5b50b_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U62n!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9eba270-4d67-4aa8-b27b-223281d5b50b_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d9eba270-4d67-4aa8-b27b-223281d5b50b_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U62n!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9eba270-4d67-4aa8-b27b-223281d5b50b_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U62n!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9eba270-4d67-4aa8-b27b-223281d5b50b_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U62n!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9eba270-4d67-4aa8-b27b-223281d5b50b_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U62n!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9eba270-4d67-4aa8-b27b-223281d5b50b_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/403120/amimut/">armscontrolwonk.com</a></p><p><a href="https://www.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/403120/amimut/">Amimut - Arms Control Wonk</a></p><p><a href="https://www.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/403120/amimut/">May 24, 2011 &#8212; The Hebrew word for nuclear opacity or ambiguity is amimut, which Avner Cohen believes to be &#8220;Israel's original contribution to the nuclear age ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BAFu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6d921ba-88b9-4803-b759-e3174b347f17_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://press.un.org/en/2004/icj616.doc.htm">United Nations Press</a></p><p><a href="https://press.un.org/en/2004/icj616.doc.htm">INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE ADVISORY OPINION FINDS ...</a></p><p><a href="https://press.un.org/en/2004/icj616.doc.htm">July 8, 2004 &#8212; THE HAGUE, 9 July (ICJ) -- The International Court of Justice ... illegal situation resulting from the construction of the wall and ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.icj-cij.org/case/131">International Court of Justice</a></p><p><a href="https://www.icj-cij.org/case/131">Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.icj-cij.org/case/131">December 7, 2003 &#8212; ... illegal situation in question, taking due account of the present Advisory Opinion. ... &#169; International Court of Justice 2017-2025 &#8211; All ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Opera">Wikipedia</a></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Opera">Operation Opera - Wikipedia</a></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Opera">Operation Opera ; Destruction of Iraq's Osirak nuclear reactor &#183; 7 June 1981 &#183; Israeli Air Force &#183; Israeli operational success. Osirak nuclear reactor destroyed ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimon_Peres_Negev_Nuclear_Research_Center">Wikipedia</a></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimon_Peres_Negev_Nuclear_Research_Center">Shimon Peres Negev Nuclear Research Center - Wikipedia</a></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimon_Peres_Negev_Nuclear_Research_Center">Israel reportedly opened Dimona to U.S. inspection in January 1965, with inspections continuing until 1969.</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symington_Amendment">Wikipedia</a></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symington_Amendment">Symington Amendment - Wikipedia</a></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symington_Amendment">The Glenn Amendment (Section 670) was later adopted in 1977, and provided the same sanctions against countries that acquire or transfer nuclear reprocessing ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Israel">Wikipedia</a></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Israel">List of United Nations resolutions concerning Israel - Wikipedia</a></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Israel">Condemnation of Israel on various topics including the occupation of the West Bank, Gaza and the Golan Heights, war in Lebanon and the annexation of Jerusalem.</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Outside_the_Box">Wikipedia</a></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Outside_the_Box">Operation Outside the Box - Wikipedia</a></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Outside_the_Box">Operation Outside the Box, also known as Operation Orchard, was an Israeli airstrike on a suspected nuclear reactor, referred to as the Al Kibar site (also ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_Israel">Wikipedia</a></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_Israel">Nuclear weapons and Israel - Wikipedia</a></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_Israel">... Israel possessed nuclear weapons as a policy of amimut, or "nuclear opacity". In 1998, former prime minister Shimon Peres said that Israel "built ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QWFC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0571b1e-97fe-4ec4-8422-762de8173500_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories">Wikipedia</a></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories">Israeli-occupied territories - Wikipedia</a></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories">In 1980&#8211;81 Israel annexed East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights. ... About 500,000 Israeli settlers live in the West Bank and another 200,000 live in East ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2010-11/wrestling-nuclear-opacity">Arms Control Association</a></p><p><a href="https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2010-11/wrestling-nuclear-opacity">Wrestling With Nuclear Opacity - Arms Control Association</a></p><p><a href="https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2010-11/wrestling-nuclear-opacity">Cohen argues that Israel is long overdue to modify what he calls its nuclear strategy of amimut (Hebrew for &#8220;opacity&#8221; or &#8220;ambiguity&#8221;).</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ISQD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a6ba51c-ecd8-4d44-8c7a-cedebca2ea12_31x32.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ISQD!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a6ba51c-ecd8-4d44-8c7a-cedebca2ea12_31x32.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ISQD!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a6ba51c-ecd8-4d44-8c7a-cedebca2ea12_31x32.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ISQD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a6ba51c-ecd8-4d44-8c7a-cedebca2ea12_31x32.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ISQD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a6ba51c-ecd8-4d44-8c7a-cedebca2ea12_31x32.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ISQD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a6ba51c-ecd8-4d44-8c7a-cedebca2ea12_31x32.jpeg" width="31" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8a6ba51c-ecd8-4d44-8c7a-cedebca2ea12_31x32.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:31,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ISQD!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a6ba51c-ecd8-4d44-8c7a-cedebca2ea12_31x32.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ISQD!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a6ba51c-ecd8-4d44-8c7a-cedebca2ea12_31x32.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ISQD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a6ba51c-ecd8-4d44-8c7a-cedebca2ea12_31x32.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ISQD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a6ba51c-ecd8-4d44-8c7a-cedebca2ea12_31x32.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.israellobby.org/nukes/">Israel Lobby Archive</a></p><p><a href="https://www.israellobby.org/nukes/">Israeli Nukes, US Foreign Aid, and the Symington Amendment</a></p><p><a href="https://www.israellobby.org/nukes/">The US passes the Symington Amendment of 1976. Symington Amendment prohibits most U.S. foreign aid to any country found trafficking in nuclear enrichment ...</a></p><p><a href="https://casebook.icrc.org/case-study/icjisrael-separation-wallsecurity-fence-occupied-palestinian-territory">Casebook</a></p><p><a href="https://casebook.icrc.org/case-study/icjisrael-separation-wallsecurity-fence-occupied-palestinian-territory">ICJ/Israel, Separation Wall/Security Fence in the Occupied ...</a></p><p><a href="https://casebook.icrc.org/case-study/icjisrael-separation-wallsecurity-fence-occupied-palestinian-territory">[N.B.: This decision was issued on 30 June 2004, i.e. shortly before the ICJ rendered its advisory opinion. ... separation fence was illegal. [...] Third ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2CTO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3247afc-6808-4e1a-86ef-cda2705ac7b5_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2CTO!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3247afc-6808-4e1a-86ef-cda2705ac7b5_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2CTO!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3247afc-6808-4e1a-86ef-cda2705ac7b5_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2CTO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3247afc-6808-4e1a-86ef-cda2705ac7b5_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2CTO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3247afc-6808-4e1a-86ef-cda2705ac7b5_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2CTO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3247afc-6808-4e1a-86ef-cda2705ac7b5_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d3247afc-6808-4e1a-86ef-cda2705ac7b5_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2CTO!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3247afc-6808-4e1a-86ef-cda2705ac7b5_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2CTO!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3247afc-6808-4e1a-86ef-cda2705ac7b5_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2CTO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3247afc-6808-4e1a-86ef-cda2705ac7b5_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2CTO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3247afc-6808-4e1a-86ef-cda2705ac7b5_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.amnestyusa.org/campaigns/end-apartheid/">Amnesty International USA</a></p><p><a href="https://www.amnestyusa.org/campaigns/end-apartheid/">Crime of Apartheid | Amnesty International USA</a></p><p><a href="https://www.amnestyusa.org/campaigns/end-apartheid/">Amnesty International's 2022 report, Israel's Apartheid Against Palestinians: Cruel System of Domination and Crime Against Humanity shows that Israeli.</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2CTO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3247afc-6808-4e1a-86ef-cda2705ac7b5_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2CTO!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3247afc-6808-4e1a-86ef-cda2705ac7b5_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2CTO!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3247afc-6808-4e1a-86ef-cda2705ac7b5_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2CTO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3247afc-6808-4e1a-86ef-cda2705ac7b5_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2CTO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3247afc-6808-4e1a-86ef-cda2705ac7b5_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2CTO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3247afc-6808-4e1a-86ef-cda2705ac7b5_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d3247afc-6808-4e1a-86ef-cda2705ac7b5_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2CTO!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3247afc-6808-4e1a-86ef-cda2705ac7b5_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2CTO!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3247afc-6808-4e1a-86ef-cda2705ac7b5_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2CTO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3247afc-6808-4e1a-86ef-cda2705ac7b5_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2CTO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd3247afc-6808-4e1a-86ef-cda2705ac7b5_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.amnestyusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Full-Report.pdf">Amnesty International USA</a></p><p><a href="https://www.amnestyusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Full-Report.pdf">[PDF] ISRAEL'S APARTHEID AGAINST PALESTINIANS</a></p><p><a href="https://www.amnestyusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Full-Report.pdf">The organization has concluded that Israel has perpetrated the international wrong of apartheid, as a human rights violation and a violation of public ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/when-israel-destroyed-syrias-nuclear-reactor">Middle East Forum</a></p><p><a href="https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/when-israel-destroyed-syrias-nuclear-reactor">When Israel Destroyed Syria's Nuclear Reactor: The Inside Story</a></p><p><a href="https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/when-israel-destroyed-syrias-nuclear-reactor">On June 7, 1981, the Israeli airforce (IAF) destroyed the Osirak nuclear reactor outside Baghdad, inaugurating what came to be known as the Begin Doctrine.</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NWzs!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff887f594-f5d3-4df4-a6b4-1d6c7929cccc_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NWzs!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff887f594-f5d3-4df4-a6b4-1d6c7929cccc_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NWzs!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff887f594-f5d3-4df4-a6b4-1d6c7929cccc_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NWzs!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff887f594-f5d3-4df4-a6b4-1d6c7929cccc_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NWzs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff887f594-f5d3-4df4-a6b4-1d6c7929cccc_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NWzs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff887f594-f5d3-4df4-a6b4-1d6c7929cccc_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f887f594-f5d3-4df4-a6b4-1d6c7929cccc_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NWzs!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff887f594-f5d3-4df4-a6b4-1d6c7929cccc_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NWzs!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff887f594-f5d3-4df4-a6b4-1d6c7929cccc_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NWzs!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff887f594-f5d3-4df4-a6b4-1d6c7929cccc_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NWzs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff887f594-f5d3-4df4-a6b4-1d6c7929cccc_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/this-is-how-israel-has-violated-the-geneva-conventions-for-75-years-18194934">TRT World</a></p><p><a href="https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/this-is-how-israel-has-violated-the-geneva-conventions-for-75-years-18194934">This is how Israel has violated the Geneva Conventions for 75 years</a></p><p><a href="https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/this-is-how-israel-has-violated-the-geneva-conventions-for-75-years-18194934">In simpler words, Israel isn't allowed under the Geneva Conventions to &#8220;settle&#8221; its citizens inside the Palestinian territories it occupies&#8212;something Tel Aviv ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qVT9!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qVT9!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qVT9!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qVT9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qVT9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qVT9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qVT9!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qVT9!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qVT9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qVT9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e27d649-55fa-409f-8a9b-676f4c82e439_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies/hrc/regular-sessions/session31/database-hrc3136">OHCHR</a></p><p><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies/hrc/regular-sessions/session31/database-hrc3136">Database of Business Enterprises Pursuant to Human Rights ... - ohchr</a></p><p><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies/hrc/regular-sessions/session31/database-hrc3136">On 24 March 2016, at its 31st session, the HRC adopted resolution 31/36, entitled &#8220;Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vTdl!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed4acfa9-658f-4093-9b5c-bbced9622bb4_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vTdl!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed4acfa9-658f-4093-9b5c-bbced9622bb4_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vTdl!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed4acfa9-658f-4093-9b5c-bbced9622bb4_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vTdl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed4acfa9-658f-4093-9b5c-bbced9622bb4_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vTdl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed4acfa9-658f-4093-9b5c-bbced9622bb4_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vTdl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed4acfa9-658f-4093-9b5c-bbced9622bb4_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ed4acfa9-658f-4093-9b5c-bbced9622bb4_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vTdl!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed4acfa9-658f-4093-9b5c-bbced9622bb4_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vTdl!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed4acfa9-658f-4093-9b5c-bbced9622bb4_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vTdl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed4acfa9-658f-4093-9b5c-bbced9622bb4_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vTdl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed4acfa9-658f-4093-9b5c-bbced9622bb4_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/Research/International%20Law/ilp261104.pdf">Chatham House</a></p><p><a href="https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/Research/International%20Law/ilp261104.pdf">[PDF] The ICJ Advisory Opinion on the Wall - Chatham House</a></p><p><a href="https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/Research/International%20Law/ilp261104.pdf">The ICJ stated that the Barrier was illegal and Israel was under a duty to cease ... the Wall was an attempt to protect the illegal settlements. As such ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781438479408-006/pdf?licenseType=restricted&amp;srsltid=AfmBOorW29mCHBJkcfWYvu6y1UlIkF2BzR3zcEcZXP7E9-LJGGSSkcrC">De Gruyter</a></p><p><a href="https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781438479408-006/pdf?licenseType=restricted&amp;srsltid=AfmBOorW29mCHBJkcfWYvu6y1UlIkF2BzR3zcEcZXP7E9-LJGGSSkcrC">Israel's Nuclear Amimut Policy - De Gruyter</a></p><p><a href="https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781438479408-006/pdf?licenseType=restricted&amp;srsltid=AfmBOorW29mCHBJkcfWYvu6y1UlIkF2BzR3zcEcZXP7E9-LJGGSSkcrC">Israel's nuclear amimut policy prohibits acknowledging the existence of the country's nuclear capability. The ongoing use of this unique strategy has resulted ...</a></p><p><a href="https://unny.mission.gov.au/unny/241120_4C_EOV_Israeli_Settlements_in_the_Occupied_Palestinian_Territory.html">Unny</a></p><p><a href="https://unny.mission.gov.au/unny/241120_4C_EOV_Israeli_Settlements_in_the_Occupied_Palestinian_Territory.html">Explanation of vote: Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian ...</a></p><p><a href="https://unny.mission.gov.au/unny/241120_4C_EOV_Israeli_Settlements_in_the_Occupied_Palestinian_Territory.html">Israeli settlements are illegal under international law and a significant obstacle to peace and a two-state solution, as stated in UN Security Council ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WCjM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4f7e4d63-367f-4f2a-9288-804f32e15a39_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WCjM!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4f7e4d63-367f-4f2a-9288-804f32e15a39_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WCjM!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4f7e4d63-367f-4f2a-9288-804f32e15a39_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WCjM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4f7e4d63-367f-4f2a-9288-804f32e15a39_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WCjM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4f7e4d63-367f-4f2a-9288-804f32e15a39_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WCjM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4f7e4d63-367f-4f2a-9288-804f32e15a39_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4f7e4d63-367f-4f2a-9288-804f32e15a39_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WCjM!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4f7e4d63-367f-4f2a-9288-804f32e15a39_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WCjM!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4f7e4d63-367f-4f2a-9288-804f32e15a39_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WCjM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4f7e4d63-367f-4f2a-9288-804f32e15a39_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WCjM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4f7e4d63-367f-4f2a-9288-804f32e15a39_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://israeled.org/iraqs-nuclear-reactor-destroyed/">CIE</a></p><p><a href="https://israeled.org/iraqs-nuclear-reactor-destroyed/">Iraq's Nuclear Reactor Destroyed | CIE - Center for Israel Education</a></p><p><a href="https://israeled.org/iraqs-nuclear-reactor-destroyed/">June 7, 1981. Eight Israeli F-16s fly a 2,000-mile round trip to bomb Iraq's Osirak plutonium nuclear reactor at the Tammuz I complex 10 miles south of ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!37rA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbc79371-4e52-4509-a52e-b5312b01ca32_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!37rA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbc79371-4e52-4509-a52e-b5312b01ca32_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!37rA!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbc79371-4e52-4509-a52e-b5312b01ca32_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!37rA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbc79371-4e52-4509-a52e-b5312b01ca32_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!37rA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbc79371-4e52-4509-a52e-b5312b01ca32_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!37rA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbc79371-4e52-4509-a52e-b5312b01ca32_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bbc79371-4e52-4509-a52e-b5312b01ca32_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!37rA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbc79371-4e52-4509-a52e-b5312b01ca32_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!37rA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbc79371-4e52-4509-a52e-b5312b01ca32_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!37rA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbc79371-4e52-4509-a52e-b5312b01ca32_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!37rA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbc79371-4e52-4509-a52e-b5312b01ca32_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/17bd7698-bc4b-45b4-997c-873a9352f20f/content">Scholars' Bank</a></p><p><a href="https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/17bd7698-bc4b-45b4-997c-873a9352f20f/content">[PDF] THE PRO-ISRAEL LOBBY'S INFLUENCE ON U.S. FOREIGN POLICY</a></p><p><a href="https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/17bd7698-bc4b-45b4-997c-873a9352f20f/content">While the pro-Israel lobby was unable to prevent President Obama from dropping economic sanctions against Iran, it was able to convince President Trump to leave ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!saxG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d290234-abf6-4db0-8062-75d20fa7bfcc_24x24.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!saxG!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d290234-abf6-4db0-8062-75d20fa7bfcc_24x24.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!saxG!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d290234-abf6-4db0-8062-75d20fa7bfcc_24x24.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!saxG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d290234-abf6-4db0-8062-75d20fa7bfcc_24x24.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!saxG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d290234-abf6-4db0-8062-75d20fa7bfcc_24x24.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!saxG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d290234-abf6-4db0-8062-75d20fa7bfcc_24x24.png" width="24" height="24" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6d290234-abf6-4db0-8062-75d20fa7bfcc_24x24.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:24,&quot;width&quot;:24,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!saxG!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d290234-abf6-4db0-8062-75d20fa7bfcc_24x24.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!saxG!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d290234-abf6-4db0-8062-75d20fa7bfcc_24x24.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!saxG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d290234-abf6-4db0-8062-75d20fa7bfcc_24x24.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!saxG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d290234-abf6-4db0-8062-75d20fa7bfcc_24x24.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1977-80v19/d6">Office of the Historian</a></p><p><a href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1977-80v19/d6">Symington and Glenn Amendments - Office of the Historian</a></p><p><a href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1977-80v19/d6">The Amendment barred U.S. economic and military assistance to any country that imported or exported spent nuclear fuel reprocessing or uranium enrichment ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.doctorswithoutborders.ca/gaza-israeli-authorities-must-stop-collective-punishment-of-palestinians-and-use-of-aid-as-a-tool-of-war/">Doctors Without Borders</a></p><p><a href="https://www.doctorswithoutborders.ca/gaza-israeli-authorities-must-stop-collective-punishment-of-palestinians-and-use-of-aid-as-a-tool-of-war/">Israeli authorities must stop collective punishment and use of aid as ...</a></p><p><a href="https://www.doctorswithoutborders.ca/gaza-israeli-authorities-must-stop-collective-punishment-of-palestinians-and-use-of-aid-as-a-tool-of-war/">Doctors Without Borders/M&#233;decins Sans Fronti&#232;res (MSF) condemns Israel's siege on Gaza, blocking aid, water and fuel. This collective punishment worsens the ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!x3T_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22805de3-61db-4cb0-89fd-bd89e67fdc20_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!x3T_!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22805de3-61db-4cb0-89fd-bd89e67fdc20_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!x3T_!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22805de3-61db-4cb0-89fd-bd89e67fdc20_32x32.png 848w, 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data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/22805de3-61db-4cb0-89fd-bd89e67fdc20_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!x3T_!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22805de3-61db-4cb0-89fd-bd89e67fdc20_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!x3T_!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22805de3-61db-4cb0-89fd-bd89e67fdc20_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!x3T_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22805de3-61db-4cb0-89fd-bd89e67fdc20_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!x3T_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22805de3-61db-4cb0-89fd-bd89e67fdc20_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://jfedsrq.org/are-israeli-settlements-in-the-west-bank-illegal-under-international-law/">jfedsrq.org</a></p><p><a href="https://jfedsrq.org/are-israeli-settlements-in-the-west-bank-illegal-under-international-law/">Are Israeli Settlements in the West Bank illegal under International ...</a></p><p><a href="https://jfedsrq.org/are-israeli-settlements-in-the-west-bank-illegal-under-international-law/">The creation of settlements appears to violate the prohibition of Article 49 of the Fourth Geneva Convention which provides: The Occupying Power shall not ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!c1jj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad4ffc53-8433-4849-898e-990d6c66bf8a_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!c1jj!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad4ffc53-8433-4849-898e-990d6c66bf8a_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!c1jj!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad4ffc53-8433-4849-898e-990d6c66bf8a_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!c1jj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad4ffc53-8433-4849-898e-990d6c66bf8a_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!c1jj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad4ffc53-8433-4849-898e-990d6c66bf8a_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!c1jj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad4ffc53-8433-4849-898e-990d6c66bf8a_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ad4ffc53-8433-4849-898e-990d6c66bf8a_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!c1jj!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad4ffc53-8433-4849-898e-990d6c66bf8a_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!c1jj!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad4ffc53-8433-4849-898e-990d6c66bf8a_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!c1jj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad4ffc53-8433-4849-898e-990d6c66bf8a_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!c1jj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad4ffc53-8433-4849-898e-990d6c66bf8a_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://visualizingpalestine.org/visual/icj-separation-wall-legality/">Visualizing Palestine</a></p><p><a href="https://visualizingpalestine.org/visual/icj-separation-wall-legality/">Where Law Stands on the Wall - Visualizing Palestine</a></p><p><a href="https://visualizingpalestine.org/visual/icj-separation-wall-legality/">In July 2004, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) declared this barrier illegal, choosing to refer to it as a "wall". The infographic 'Where Law Stands on ...</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IHgN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F864c61c5-e6b1-4b5b-8c23-35c587cbedbb_32x32.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IHgN!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F864c61c5-e6b1-4b5b-8c23-35c587cbedbb_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IHgN!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F864c61c5-e6b1-4b5b-8c23-35c587cbedbb_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IHgN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F864c61c5-e6b1-4b5b-8c23-35c587cbedbb_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IHgN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F864c61c5-e6b1-4b5b-8c23-35c587cbedbb_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IHgN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F864c61c5-e6b1-4b5b-8c23-35c587cbedbb_32x32.png" width="32" height="32" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/864c61c5-e6b1-4b5b-8c23-35c587cbedbb_32x32.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:32,&quot;width&quot;:32,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Favicon&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Favicon" title="Favicon" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IHgN!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F864c61c5-e6b1-4b5b-8c23-35c587cbedbb_32x32.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IHgN!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F864c61c5-e6b1-4b5b-8c23-35c587cbedbb_32x32.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IHgN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F864c61c5-e6b1-4b5b-8c23-35c587cbedbb_32x32.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IHgN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F864c61c5-e6b1-4b5b-8c23-35c587cbedbb_32x32.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://thecradle.co/articles-id/3047">thecradle.co</a></p><p><a href="https://thecradle.co/articles-id/3047">Israeli Defense Minister US-bound to lobby against Iran deal</a></p><p><a href="https://thecradle.co/articles-id/3047">Benny Gantz says he 'will do everything' to influence the outcome of JCPOA-revival talks between Iran and</a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[📚Unpostulating Einstein’s First Postulate (Special Relativity)]]></title><description><![CDATA[Einstein's Thought Experiments Thought Wrong]]></description><link>https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/unpostulating-einsteins-first-postulate</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/unpostulating-einsteins-first-postulate</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bubba Joe Louis]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 04 Apr 2025 10:47:24 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kWIF!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd13b6cc-c0d2-4074-bb2a-c1828e2f65c2_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2></h2><blockquote><p>&#8220;<strong>The laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames of reference.</strong>&#8221;<br><em>(Einstein, 1905)</em></p></blockquote><p>This is a foundational assertion of Special Relativity. It states that <strong>no preferred coordinate system</strong> exists for describing physical laws in inertial motion &#8212; i.e., in systems not undergoing acceleration.</p><div><hr></div><h2>&#128257; Reframed in <a href="https://michaelvera.org/Unified_Theory_of_Energy.html">The Unified Theory of Energy</a> (UTE) Terms:</h2><h3>&#129513; UTE Restatement of Einstein&#8217;s First Postulate:</h3><blockquote><p><strong>Lawframe Invariance of Radiation Coordinates:</strong><br>Every Radiation Source forms its own Radiation Coordinate System, determined by the total number and configuration of Particles it contains.<br>All laws of interaction &#8212; Gravitation, Particulate Motion, and Radiation exchange &#8212; manifest at the Surface of that system and are coherent across all relative Scales.</p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h3>&#128269; Translation and UTE Commentary:</h3><p>Einstein's idea of <strong>inertial frames</strong> becomes, in UTE:</p><ul><li><p>A <strong>Radiation Coordinate System</strong>, which is:</p><ul><li><p><em>Scale-dependent</em></p></li><li><p><em>Mass-defined</em></p></li><li><p><em>Particle-limited</em></p></li><li><p><em>Radiation-permeated</em></p></li></ul></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kWIF!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd13b6cc-c0d2-4074-bb2a-c1828e2f65c2_1024x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kWIF!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd13b6cc-c0d2-4074-bb2a-c1828e2f65c2_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kWIF!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd13b6cc-c0d2-4074-bb2a-c1828e2f65c2_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kWIF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd13b6cc-c0d2-4074-bb2a-c1828e2f65c2_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kWIF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd13b6cc-c0d2-4074-bb2a-c1828e2f65c2_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kWIF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd13b6cc-c0d2-4074-bb2a-c1828e2f65c2_1024x1024.png" width="1024" height="1024" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bd13b6cc-c0d2-4074-bb2a-c1828e2f65c2_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1024,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:991910,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/i/160567871?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd13b6cc-c0d2-4074-bb2a-c1828e2f65c2_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kWIF!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd13b6cc-c0d2-4074-bb2a-c1828e2f65c2_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kWIF!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd13b6cc-c0d2-4074-bb2a-c1828e2f65c2_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kWIF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd13b6cc-c0d2-4074-bb2a-c1828e2f65c2_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kWIF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd13b6cc-c0d2-4074-bb2a-c1828e2f65c2_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Wireframe representation of a Radiation Coordinate System (RCS), shaped by Gravitation, Particle saturation, and emitted Radiation &#8212; dynamic, asymmetrical, and scale-flexible.</figcaption></figure></div><p></p><p>Instead of inertial frames being abstract geometric spaces, UTE anchors them in <strong>physically defined Radiation Systems</strong> &#8212; which emerge from <strong>actual Particle counts</strong>, <strong>Gravitation storage</strong>, and <strong>Surface Interactions</strong>.</p><p>So:</p><blockquote><p>"The laws of physics are invariant across all inertial frames"<br>becomes<br>"<strong>Radiative behavior and energy interaction laws emerge consistently within any Radiation Coordinate System, which are themselves defined by the Mass Structure&#8217;s Particle saturation and Surface Depth.</strong>"</p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h3>&#128208; Einstein&#8217;s &#8220;All frames are equal&#8221; &#8594; UTE&#8217;s &#8220;All Radiation Sources are complete systems&#8221;</h3><p>Einstein assumes inertial reference frames are <strong>equal</strong>, but offers <strong>no mechanism</strong> for how or why.</p><p>UTE replaces this with:</p><ul><li><p>Every Mass Structure acts as its <strong>own origin of energetic behavior</strong></p></li><li><p>Radiation extends to form <strong>bounded coordinate reach</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Scale and Gravitation</strong> define the limit of expression</p></li><li><p>All Particles are relative to <strong>the Mass Structure they orbit</strong>, and their position determines their <strong>Particulate State</strong> (Theorem 8)</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h3>&#128172; Reframed as a Formal UTE Statement:</h3><blockquote><p><strong>Each Radiation Source is an autonomous energetic reference system</strong> in which the laws of interaction manifest according to its Scale, Particle count, and Gravitation saturation. These Radiation Coordinate Systems are hierarchical and nested across Scales, but maintain internal consistency in their Surface Interactions and Radiation behaviors.</p></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rvbc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6afb6c-7cd6-413e-9bdf-5db4f2819430_968x920.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rvbc!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6afb6c-7cd6-413e-9bdf-5db4f2819430_968x920.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rvbc!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6afb6c-7cd6-413e-9bdf-5db4f2819430_968x920.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rvbc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6afb6c-7cd6-413e-9bdf-5db4f2819430_968x920.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rvbc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6afb6c-7cd6-413e-9bdf-5db4f2819430_968x920.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rvbc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6afb6c-7cd6-413e-9bdf-5db4f2819430_968x920.png" width="968" height="920" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fd6afb6c-7cd6-413e-9bdf-5db4f2819430_968x920.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:920,&quot;width&quot;:968,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:126219,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/i/160567871?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6afb6c-7cd6-413e-9bdf-5db4f2819430_968x920.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rvbc!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6afb6c-7cd6-413e-9bdf-5db4f2819430_968x920.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rvbc!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6afb6c-7cd6-413e-9bdf-5db4f2819430_968x920.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rvbc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6afb6c-7cd6-413e-9bdf-5db4f2819430_968x920.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rvbc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd6afb6c-7cd6-413e-9bdf-5db4f2819430_968x920.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Wireframe representation of the Sun&#8217;s Radiation Coordinate System (RCS), with Earth and its RCS shown in blue; echoing the relationship between an Oxygen atom and its third Electron. Neither coordinate system extends infinitely in any spatial dimension, except recursively.</figcaption></figure></div><p></p><div><hr></div><h3>&#127908; UTE Commentary on Einstein&#8217;s Flaw</h3><p>Einstein neglects:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Surface Depth</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Particulate saturation</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Field entropy</strong></p></li><li><p>The <strong>physical structure</strong> of &#8220;space&#8221; as a medium for Radiation</p></li></ul><p>Instead, he introduces coordinate systems <strong>without anchoring them to the structure of Mass</strong>.</p><p>UTE corrects this by stating:</p><blockquote><p>There is no such thing as a &#8220;coordinate system&#8221; without Mass and Radiation.<br>Radiation creates the system.<br>Particles give it depth.<br>Gravitation stores its memory.</p></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5W-6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5187199-310d-4ea9-94a6-de2aa318072d_777x611.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5W-6!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5187199-310d-4ea9-94a6-de2aa318072d_777x611.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5W-6!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5187199-310d-4ea9-94a6-de2aa318072d_777x611.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5W-6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5187199-310d-4ea9-94a6-de2aa318072d_777x611.jpeg 1272w, 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data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c5187199-310d-4ea9-94a6-de2aa318072d_777x611.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:611,&quot;width&quot;:777,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:85001,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/i/160567871?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5187199-310d-4ea9-94a6-de2aa318072d_777x611.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5W-6!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5187199-310d-4ea9-94a6-de2aa318072d_777x611.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5W-6!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5187199-310d-4ea9-94a6-de2aa318072d_777x611.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5W-6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5187199-310d-4ea9-94a6-de2aa318072d_777x611.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5W-6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5187199-310d-4ea9-94a6-de2aa318072d_777x611.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">The Van Allen Belt gives visual evidence of &#8212; and forms a subset within &#8212; Earth&#8217;s Radiation Coordinate System (RCS).</figcaption></figure></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[48" by 120" Silicon Bronze Whale Gong]]></title><description><![CDATA[The Instrument of Tides]]></description><link>https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/48-by-120-silicon-bronze-whale-gong</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/48-by-120-silicon-bronze-whale-gong</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bubba Joe Louis]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 01 Apr 2025 21:07:07 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dK0Y!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd32bd31d-e7fe-45ba-af81-d0f31553268c_144x144.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>Forged from silicon bronze &#8212; the breath of earth &#8212;<br>Suspended between sea and sky,<br>The Whale Gong calls not with pitch, but with <strong>pressure</strong>.<br>She sings in <strong>subharmonics</strong>, speaks in <strong>waves</strong>, and listens as much as she sounds.</em></p><p></p><h2><strong>Gong Dimensions:</strong></h2><ul><li><p><strong>Width</strong>: 48 inches (1.219 m)</p></li><li><p><strong>Height</strong>: 120 inches (3.048 m)</p></li><li><p><strong>Thickness</strong>: 0.0625 inches (1.59 mm)</p></li><li><p><strong>Material</strong>: C65500 Silicon Bronze</p></li><li><p><strong>Mass</strong>: ~108 pounds (~49 kg)</p></li></ul><h2>Sound Profile</h2><ul><li><p><strong>Fundamental Frequency</strong>: ~6.84 Hz (felt more than heard)</p></li><li><p><strong>Harmonics</strong>: Dense, complex overtones from plate modes</p></li><li><p><strong>Behavior</strong>:</p><ul><li><p>When struck with a <strong>soft, massive mallet</strong>, it will <strong>roll like thunder</strong></p></li><li><p>Lower modes will create <strong>waves of vibration</strong> through air and water</p></li><li><p>Upper modes will generate <strong>shimmering metallic halos</strong></p></li></ul></li></ul><p>We&#8217;re not just building a gong &#8212; we&#8217;re <strong>building a frequency field</strong>.</p><p></p><h2>Resonance Frequency of a Rectangular Plate</h2><p>For a thin rectangular plate, the vibration modes are determined by its <strong>material properties</strong>, <strong>geometry</strong>, and <strong>boundary conditions</strong> (how it's supported).</p><h3>General Formula for Resonant Frequency of Mode (m,n):</h3><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;f_{mn} = \\frac{\\pi^2}{2L^2} \\sqrt{\\frac{D}{\\rho t}} \\left( m^2 + \\left( \\frac{L}{W} \\right)^2 n^2 \\right)&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;XJHJOOPUKM&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>f_{mn} = \frac{\pi^2}{2L^2} \sqrt{\frac{D}{\rho t}} \left( m^2 + \left( \frac{L}{W} \right)^2 n^2 \right)</code></pre><p>Where:</p><ul><li><p>f_{mn}&#8203; = natural frequency for mode (m,n)</p></li><li><p>m,nm = number of half-wave vibrations along length and width</p></li><li><p>L = length (long side, e.g., 10 ft = 3.048 m)</p></li><li><p>W = width (short side, e.g., 4 ft = 1.219 m)</p></li><li><p>t = thickness (e.g., 0.0625" = 0.00159 m)</p></li><li><p>&#961; = density (~8,300 kg/m&#179; for silicon bronze)</p></li><li><p>D = \frac{E t^3}{12(1 - \nu^2)}&#8203; = flexural rigidity</p><ul><li><p>E = Young&#8217;s modulus (~110 GPa for silicon bronze)</p></li><li><p>&#957; = Poisson&#8217;s ratio (~0.34 for silicon bronze)</p></li></ul></li></ul><h3>Let&#8217;s Use the (1,1) Mode &#8212; the <strong>Fundamental Resonance</strong></h3><p>This is the simplest, slowest vibration &#8212; what you'll feel first when you hit the center with a large mallet.</p><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;f_{mn} = \\frac{\\pi^2}{2L^2} \\sqrt{\\frac{D}{\\rho t}} \\left( m^2 + \\left( \\frac{L}{W} \\right)^2 n^2 \\right)&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;LNNRWTEUDT&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>f_{mn} = \frac{\pi^2}{2L^2} \sqrt{\frac{D}{\rho t}} \left( m^2 + \left( \frac{L}{W} \right)^2 n^2 \right)</code></pre><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;\\text{For:} \\quad\nL = 3.048 \\, \\text{m}, \\quad\nW = 1.219 \\, \\text{m}, \\quad\nt = 0.00159 \\, \\text{m}, \\quad\n\\rho = 8300 \\, \\text{kg/m}^3, \\quad\nE = 110 \\times 10^9 \\, \\text{Pa}, \\quad\n\\nu = 0.34, \\quad\nm = 1, \\quad n = 1\n&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;YBKWMGRLKE&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;D = \\frac{E t^3}{12(1 - \\nu^2)}&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;NURUQWWBAY&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>D = \frac{E t^3}{12(1 - \nu^2)}</code></pre><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;f_{11} \\approx 6.84 \\, \\text{Hz}\n&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;NSGYVGTIPG&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>f_{11} \approx 6.84 \, \text{Hz}</code></pre><p>Either way, this thing will sound like <strong>a mountain whispering back at you.</strong></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Resonance Frequency of a Paiste 24" Synodic Moon Gong (G2#) ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Here are the formulas and steps to calculate the theoretical resonance frequency of a Paiste 24" MOON SYN G2#/Gis-105.21 Hz planetary gong:]]></description><link>https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/resonance-frequency-of-a-paiste-24</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/resonance-frequency-of-a-paiste-24</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bubba Joe Louis]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 01 Apr 2025 20:54:57 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d1cd64dd-18b0-48f8-ac99-ac89044f6be2_1200x1200.webp" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2>Orbital Root of the Moon Frequency</h2><p>Paiste&#8217;s planetary gongs are tuned using a system that maps planetary motions into musical frequencies. The Moon&#8217;s <strong>synodic orbit</strong> (new moon to new moon) takes approximately 29.53059 days, or 2,551,442.9 seconds.</p><p>The corresponding base frequency is:</p><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;f = \\frac{1}{2551442.9} \\approx 3.917 \\times 10^{-7} \\text{ Hz}&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;IXSPDIEUXI&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>f = \frac{1}{2551442.9} \approx 3.917 \times 10^{-7} \text{ Hz}</code></pre><p><em>Note: Both formatted and plaintext versions of equations are included due to cross-platform compatibility.</em></p><p>0.000000391681 Hz is a little too low to hear. Transposing this frequency up 28 octaves:</p><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;f_{28} = f \\cdot 2^{28} \\approx 105.21 \\text{ Hz}&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;CYLVTFBEEP&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>f_{28} = f \cdot 2^{28} \approx 105.21 \text{ Hz}</code></pre><p>This lands on <strong>G&#9839;2</strong>, which is the tuning used by the Paiste 24" Synodic Moon Gong.<br>Thus, the gong&#8217;s tone is not just musical &#8212; it&#8217;s <strong>astronomical</strong>.</p><h2><strong>Gong Theoretical Calculation (Estimation)</strong></h2><p>Gongs are complex instruments with non-uniform vibrations, yet we can approximate the fundamental resonance frequency using principles from <strong>plate vibration theory</strong>. </p><p>For a free edge, the fundamental (0,1) mode resonance is:</p><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;f_{01} = \\frac{\\lambda_{01}^2}{2\\pi r^2} \\sqrt{ \\frac{D}{\\rho t} }&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;DVSFCHNVDG&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>f_{01} = \frac{\lambda_{01}^2}{2\pi r^2} \sqrt{ \frac{D}{\rho t} }</code></pre><p></p><p>Where:</p><ul><li><p><em>f</em> = Fundamental frequency (Hz).</p></li><li><p>&#955;&#8203; = 10.21 for a circular plate with free edges</p></li><li><p>D = Flexural rigidity of the plate (Nm)</p></li><li><p><em>&#961;</em> = Density (kg/m&#179;) of the material (e.g., bronze: ~8520 kg/m&#179;).</p></li><li><p><em>t</em> = Thickness of the gong (m).</p></li><li><p><em>r</em> = Radius of the gong (m).</p></li></ul><p>While formal plate vibration models use &#955;&#8320;&#8321; &#8776; 10.21 for free-edge circular plates, this estimation approach simplifies the model by using &#946; &#8776; 1.875, drawing from beam theory analogies.</p><p><strong>&#946; &#8776; 1.875</strong> comes from the <strong>first root of the Bessel function</strong> in beam vibration &#8212; it&#8217;s used in some textbook simplifications of plate resonance when treating the system analogously to a vibrating membrane or beam.</p><h2>Flexural Rigidity (D)</h2><p>Flexural rigidity D captures how hard the gong resists bending &#8212; it&#8217;s the stiffness factor that, when combined with the material's density and geometry, defines how fast it wants to vibrate.</p><p>The <strong>flexural rigidity</strong> of a thin, isotropic circular plate is a measure of its resistance to bending, and is given by:</p><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;D = \\frac{E t^3}{12(1 - \\nu^2)}&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;OEYIHUXQKC&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>D = \frac{E t^3}{12(1 - \nu^2)}</code></pre><p>Where:</p><ul><li><p>E = Young&#8217;s modulus of the material</p></li><li><p>t = thickness of the plate</p></li><li><p>&#957; = Poisson&#8217;s ratio</p></li></ul><p>This value is used in the resonance frequency formula to account for the stiffness of the plate due to its material and geometry.</p><h2>Fully Expanded</h2><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;f = \\frac{\\beta^2}{2\\pi r^2} \\sqrt{ \\frac{E t^2}{12 \\rho (1 - \\nu^2)} }&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;VEJGTVTETR&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>f = \frac{\beta^2}{2\pi r^2} \sqrt{ \frac{E t^2}{12 \rho (1 - \nu^2)} }</code></pre><ul><li><p><em>f</em> = Fundamental frequency (Hz).</p></li><li><p><em>&#946;</em> = Dimensionless factor (&#8776; 1.875 for the first mode of a circular plate).</p></li><li><p>E = Young&#8217;s modulus of the material</p></li><li><p>t = thickness of the plate</p></li><li><p>&#957; = Poisson&#8217;s ratio</p></li><li><p><em>&#961;</em> = Density (kg/m&#179;) of the material (e.g., bronze: ~8520&#8201;kg/m&#179;).</p></li><li><p><em>t</em> = Thickness of the gong (m).</p></li><li><p><em>r</em> = Radius of the gong (m).</p></li></ul><h2>Nickel-Silver Alloy Properties (typical ranges)</h2><p>Young&#8217;s modulus:</p><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;E=1.05 \\times 10^{11} \\, \\text{Pa}&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;XCPOCBUDLR&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>E=1.05 \times 10^{11} \, \text{Pa}</code></pre><p>Poisson&#8217;s ratio:</p><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;&#957;=0.30&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;HFHJJYWYAH&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>&#957;=0.30</code></pre><p>Thickness:</p><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;t=2mm=0.002m&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;NZXTWPXHDN&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>t=2mm=0.002m</code></pre><p><em>(Density isn't needed for D, but good to know: ~8900 kg/m&#179;)</em></p><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;D = \\frac{1.05 \\times 10^{11} \\cdot (0.002)^3}{12(1 - 0.3^2)}&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;VBTWBMSOBR&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>D = \frac{1.05 \times 10^{11} \cdot (0.002)^3}{12(1 - 0.3^2)}</code></pre><p>The flexural rigidity D for a nickel-silver alloy plate with 2 mm thickness is approximately:</p><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;D \\approx 76.92 \\, \\text{Nm}&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;RIVLVLNIPV&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>D \approx 76.92 \, \text{Nm}</code></pre><h2>Resonance Frequency of a Paiste 24" Synodic Moon Gong (G2#) </h2><h3>1. Calculate the theoretical resonance frequency using plate vibration theory:</h3><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;f = \\left( \\frac{\\beta}{2\\pi} \\right) \\cdot \\sqrt{ \\frac{D}{\\rho t^4} } \\cdot \\left( \\frac{1}{r^2} \\right)&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;VFZMROZNUO&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>f = \left( \frac{\beta}{2\pi} \right) \cdot \sqrt{ \frac{D}{\rho t^4} } \cdot \left( \frac{1}{r^2} \right)</code></pre><p>   f = (&#946;/(2&#960;)) * sqrt(D/(&#961; * t^4)) * (1/r^2)</p><h3>2. Input Values:</h3><p>   Diameter: 24" = 0.6096 m &#8594; Radius r = 0.3048 m.</p><p>   Thickness t = 0.004 m.</p><p>   &#946; = 1.875, D = 1.1e11 Pa, &#961; = 8520 kg/m&#179;.</p><h3>3. Calculation:</h3><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;f \\approx \\left( \\frac{1.875}{2\\pi} \\right) \\cdot \\sqrt{ \\frac{1.1 \\times 10^{11}}{8520 \\cdot (0.004)^4} } \\cdot \\left( \\frac{1}{(0.3048)^2} \\right) \\approx 105.21\\,\\text{Hz}&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;XNPNRFKIXZ&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>f \approx \left( \frac{1.875}{2\pi} \right) \cdot \sqrt{ \frac{1.1 \times 10^{11}}{8520 \cdot (0.004)^4} } \cdot \left( \frac{1}{(0.3048)^2} \right) \approx 105.21\,\text{Hz}</code></pre><p>   f &#8776; (1.875/(2&#960;)) * sqrt(1.1e11/(8520 * 0.004^4)) * (1/(0.3048^2)) &#8776; 105.21 Hz</p><h3>4. Final Answer:</h3><p>The calculated resonance frequency of the Paiste 24" MOON SYN G2#/G planetary gong is approximately <strong>105.21 Hz</strong>.</p><p>This close match with the manufacturer&#8217;s published pitch suggests that the simplified model captures the dominant vibrational behavior well, despite real-world complexities.</p><p><em>This result doesn&#8217;t just verify a number &#8212; it demonstrates how math, material science, and sound come together in the mystery of vibration. The Moon Gong, grounded in the cosmos, sings in numbers too.</em></p><h2>References</h2><p>Timoshenko, S., &amp; Woinowsky-Krieger, S. (1959). <em>Theory of Plates and Shells</em> (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.</p><p>Cousto, H. (1988). <em>The Cosmic Octave: Origin of Harmony</em>. Mendocino, CA: LifeRhythm. ISBN: 9780940795204.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KrLG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F393fdd9c-19d1-4a89-85f9-abb53a5aa6f3_1200x1200.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KrLG!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F393fdd9c-19d1-4a89-85f9-abb53a5aa6f3_1200x1200.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KrLG!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F393fdd9c-19d1-4a89-85f9-abb53a5aa6f3_1200x1200.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KrLG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F393fdd9c-19d1-4a89-85f9-abb53a5aa6f3_1200x1200.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KrLG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F393fdd9c-19d1-4a89-85f9-abb53a5aa6f3_1200x1200.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KrLG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F393fdd9c-19d1-4a89-85f9-abb53a5aa6f3_1200x1200.webp" width="1200" height="1200" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/393fdd9c-19d1-4a89-85f9-abb53a5aa6f3_1200x1200.webp&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1200,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:140390,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/webp&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/i/160367346?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F393fdd9c-19d1-4a89-85f9-abb53a5aa6f3_1200x1200.webp&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KrLG!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F393fdd9c-19d1-4a89-85f9-abb53a5aa6f3_1200x1200.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KrLG!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F393fdd9c-19d1-4a89-85f9-abb53a5aa6f3_1200x1200.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KrLG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F393fdd9c-19d1-4a89-85f9-abb53a5aa6f3_1200x1200.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KrLG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F393fdd9c-19d1-4a89-85f9-abb53a5aa6f3_1200x1200.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Kepler's Laws]]></title><description><![CDATA[Kepler's Laws describe the motion of planets around the Sun.]]></description><link>https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/keplers-laws</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/keplers-laws</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bubba Joe Louis]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 30 Mar 2025 11:20:40 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gUiI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa3046815-396d-4300-8c54-f7ffb4b2dd19_1500x2060.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3><strong>Kepler's First Law (Law of Ellipses)</strong></h3><p>Planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus.<br><strong>Equation</strong>:</p><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;r(\\theta) = \\frac{a(1 - e^2)}{1 + e \\cos\\theta}&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;NUWMIFFANF&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code><code>r(\theta) = \frac{a(1 - e^2)}{1 + e \cos\theta}</code></code></pre><p>Where:</p><ul><li><p><em>r</em>(<em>&#952;</em>) = distance from the planet to the Sun at angle &#952;<em>&#952;</em>.</p></li><li><p><em>a</em> = semi-major axis of the ellipse.</p></li><li><p><em>e</em> = eccentricity of the orbit.</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h3><strong>Kepler's Second Law (Law of Areas)</strong></h3><p>A line joining a planet to the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times.<br><strong>Equation</strong>:</p><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;\\frac{dA}{dt} = \\frac{L}{2m} \\quad \\text{(constant)}&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;NVRZTVMKZN&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code><code>\frac{dA}{dt} = \frac{L}{2m} \quad \text{(constant)}</code></code></pre><p>Where:</p><ul><li><p><em>dA/dt</em>&#8203; = rate of area swept.</p></li><li><p><em>L</em> = angular momentum.</p></li><li><p><em>m</em> = mass of the planet.</p></li></ul><p>Alternatively, in terms of angular velocity:</p><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;r^2 \\frac{d\\theta}{dt} = \\text{constant}&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;JKYNONZRLG&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code><code>r^2 \frac{d\theta}{dt} = \text{constant}</code></code></pre><div><hr></div><h3><strong>Kepler's Third Law (Law of Periods)</strong></h3><p>The square of the orbital period T<em>T</em> is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis a<em>a</em>.<br><strong>Equation</strong>:</p><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;T^2 = \\frac{4\\pi^2}{G(M + m)} a^3&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;WYXEJOEGGU&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code><code>T^2 = \frac{4\pi^2}{G(M + m)} a^3</code></code></pre><p>Where:</p><ul><li><p><em>T</em> = orbital period.</p></li><li><p><em>G</em> = gravitational constant.</p></li><li><p><em>M</em> = mass of the central body (e.g., the Sun).</p></li><li><p><em>m</em> = mass of the orbiting body (e.g., a planet).</p></li></ul><p>For <em>M</em>&#8811;<em>m</em>, this simplifies to:</p><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;T^2 \\propto a^3 \\quad \\text{(in astronomical units)}&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;XQMWIFBFNY&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code><code>T^2 \propto a^3 \quad \text{(in astronomical units)}</code></code></pre><div><hr></div><h3><strong>Simplified Form for the Solar System</strong></h3><p>When using astronomical units (AU), solar masses (<em>M</em>&#8857;&#8203;), and years (<em>T</em>):</p><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;T^2 = a^3&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;TRBHDPPCYA&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code><code>T^2 = a^3</code></code></pre><p>This is the classic form of Kepler&#8217;s Third Law in the solar system context.</p><p>All this calculated by a former Musketeer who was almost killed by an accordion.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gUiI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa3046815-396d-4300-8c54-f7ffb4b2dd19_1500x2060.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gUiI!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa3046815-396d-4300-8c54-f7ffb4b2dd19_1500x2060.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gUiI!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa3046815-396d-4300-8c54-f7ffb4b2dd19_1500x2060.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gUiI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa3046815-396d-4300-8c54-f7ffb4b2dd19_1500x2060.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gUiI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa3046815-396d-4300-8c54-f7ffb4b2dd19_1500x2060.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gUiI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa3046815-396d-4300-8c54-f7ffb4b2dd19_1500x2060.jpeg" width="1456" height="2000" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a3046815-396d-4300-8c54-f7ffb4b2dd19_1500x2060.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:2000,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:433894,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/i/160179292?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa3046815-396d-4300-8c54-f7ffb4b2dd19_1500x2060.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gUiI!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa3046815-396d-4300-8c54-f7ffb4b2dd19_1500x2060.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gUiI!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa3046815-396d-4300-8c54-f7ffb4b2dd19_1500x2060.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gUiI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa3046815-396d-4300-8c54-f7ffb4b2dd19_1500x2060.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gUiI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa3046815-396d-4300-8c54-f7ffb4b2dd19_1500x2060.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Staring off with the expression of a man who <strong>just discovered the orbital eccentricity of Mars</strong> and is wondering if anyone remembered to pay the candle tax. No money, no flair, no court composer backing him &#8212; just brutal math, a handmade telescope, and maybe a borrowed quill.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[“Anti-Semitic”: The Weaponized Shield of Structural Power]]></title><description><![CDATA[And Why Dual-Citizenship Must Be Incompatible with U.S. Public Office]]></description><link>https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/anti-semitic-the-weaponized-shield</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/anti-semitic-the-weaponized-shield</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bubba Joe Louis]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 2025 11:11:30 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!acjp!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e53685a-8ecb-414b-bc18-a3208b4cb03e_850x478.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3>Introduction</h3><p>In a democratic society, words are not only tools of communication &#8212; they are instruments of power. Among the most politically potent and emotionally charged terms in modern discourse is <strong>&#8220;anti-Semitic.&#8221;</strong> Originally and rightfully intended to signal hatred or discrimination against Jewish individuals, this term has been increasingly co-opted to <strong>shield structural power from scrutiny</strong>, <strong>suppress dissent</strong>, and <strong>dismantle legitimate inquiry</strong> into elite influence and systemic imbalance.</p><p>This article addresses two related crises:</p><ol><li><p>The <strong>weaponization of language</strong>, particularly the term <em>anti-Semitic</em>, to protect dominant structures from moral accountability.</p></li><li><p>The <strong>dangerous loophole</strong> of allowing <strong>dual-citizenship individuals</strong> to hold public office in the United States &#8212; a loophole that undermines the very idea of representative, loyal governance.</p></li></ol><h3>Part I &#8212; &#8220;Anti-Semitic&#8221; as a Shield for Structural Dominance</h3><p>There is a tragic irony in the way <em>anti-Semitism</em> &#8212; once a call to defend a persecuted people &#8212; has in many contexts become a <strong>rhetorical shield deployed to protect entrenched political and cultural power</strong>.</p><p>Today, it is increasingly used:</p><ul><li><p>To <strong>shut down criticism</strong> of Israeli state policy, regardless of merit or evidence</p></li><li><p>To <strong>silence Arab, Muslim, and even Jewish voices</strong> who diverge from dominant Zionist narratives</p></li><li><p>To <strong>delegitimize historical inquiry</strong> into geopolitical alignments and foreign influence in domestic affairs</p></li><li><p>And crucially, to <strong>paint any critique of powerful individuals or networks &#8212; even those not directly tied to Judaism &#8212; as inherently hateful</strong></p></li></ul><p>This use of <em>&#8220;anti-Semitic&#8221;</em> is not a defense of vulnerable people.<br>It is a <strong>linguistic fortification</strong> of power &#8212; a <strong>spell</strong> cast to blind institutions, chill speech, and invert moral logic.</p><h3>Language as Power, Not Just Morality</h3><p>To call someone &#8220;anti-Semitic&#8221; in today&#8217;s climate is not a neutral observation &#8212; it is a <strong>career-destroying, reputation-erasing, debate-ending strike</strong>. When this tool is placed in the hands of those with disproportionate influence over media, academia, or government policy, it creates an unchallengeable moral authority.</p><p>But power that cannot be questioned is no longer democratic &#8212; it is <strong>theocratic in structure</strong>, even if it speaks the language of progress.</p><h3>Part II &#8212; Dual Citizenship and the Crisis of divided Loyalty</h3><p>No country that claims to be a <strong>sovereign democracy</strong> should allow individuals who are <strong>legal citizens of another nation</strong> to <strong>hold public office at any level</strong>. Yet the United States, unlike many nations, allows dual citizens to:</p><ul><li><p>Serve in Congress</p></li><li><p>Hold diplomatic positions</p></li><li><p>Oversee military committees</p></li><li><p>Shape foreign policy</p></li><li><p>Handle sensitive national intelligence</p></li></ul><p>This is not a matter of xenophobia. It is a matter of <strong>logical governance</strong>. The <strong>conflict of interest</strong> is not theoretical &#8212; it is embedded in the structure.</p><p>To represent a people, you must belong to them <strong>fully</strong>, with <strong>unambiguous loyalty</strong>.<br>To serve the Constitution, you cannot be bound by allegiance &#8212; legal or psychological &#8212; to another flag.</p><h3>Not a Conspiracy &#8212; A Constitutional Contradiction</h3><p>Critics will say this line of argument veers into conspiracy or nationalism. But no conspiracy is needed for structural contradiction. It is simply a <strong>design flaw</strong>:</p><blockquote><p>You cannot defend the sovereignty of a nation while allowing its public representatives to hold allegiance to another.</p></blockquote><p>And when those other nations are geopolitical hotspots &#8212; or recipients of vast U.S. funding &#8212; the moral hazard is explosive.</p><h3>Final Thought: Truth Without Exception</h3><p>This article is not anti-Semitic.<br>It is <strong>anti-shield</strong>, <strong>anti-obfuscation</strong>, and <strong>pro-sovereignty</strong>.</p><p>Any ideology &#8212; Jewish, Christian, Islamic, secular &#8212; that hides behind moral language while exercising unchecked influence must be <strong>named</strong>, not out of hatred, but out of commitment to <strong>truth</strong>, <strong>transparency</strong>, and <strong>the equal dignity of all people</strong>.</p><p>If democracy is to survive its current fractures, it must banish all sacred cows, all holy immunities.<br>It must become once again <strong>a place where no word silences inquiry</strong>,<br>and no allegiance competes with the people it claims to serve.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!acjp!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e53685a-8ecb-414b-bc18-a3208b4cb03e_850x478.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!acjp!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e53685a-8ecb-414b-bc18-a3208b4cb03e_850x478.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!acjp!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e53685a-8ecb-414b-bc18-a3208b4cb03e_850x478.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!acjp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e53685a-8ecb-414b-bc18-a3208b4cb03e_850x478.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!acjp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e53685a-8ecb-414b-bc18-a3208b4cb03e_850x478.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!acjp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e53685a-8ecb-414b-bc18-a3208b4cb03e_850x478.jpeg" width="850" height="478" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6e53685a-8ecb-414b-bc18-a3208b4cb03e_850x478.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:478,&quot;width&quot;:850,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:62817,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/i/159979522?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e53685a-8ecb-414b-bc18-a3208b4cb03e_850x478.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!acjp!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e53685a-8ecb-414b-bc18-a3208b4cb03e_850x478.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!acjp!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e53685a-8ecb-414b-bc18-a3208b4cb03e_850x478.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!acjp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e53685a-8ecb-414b-bc18-a3208b4cb03e_850x478.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!acjp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e53685a-8ecb-414b-bc18-a3208b4cb03e_850x478.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Resolution Condemning the Binary Cultural Bias, Secular Hypocrisy, and Weaponization of Discourse at Columbia University]]></title><description><![CDATA[Preamble]]></description><link>https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/resolution-condemning-the-binary</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/resolution-condemning-the-binary</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bubba Joe Louis]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 2025 10:07:56 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nlUH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fca5d39e2-67b9-46d2-a30c-e799d1626fbb_1200x900.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2>Preamble </h2><p>Whereas Columbia University has positioned itself as a prestigious institution of learning and inquiry, yet persistently advances an ethos devoid of spiritual orientation or metaphysical grounding; </p><p>Whereas this institutional godlessness manifests not as neutrality, but as a selective blindness to the sacred traditions of Semitic peoples &#8212; reducing ancient languages, faiths, and cosmologies into tools of modern political expediency; </p><p>Whereas Columbia University elevates certain expressions of Semitic identity, notably those aligned with modern Hebrew and Jewish political narratives, while casting suspicion upon or undermining other Semitic traditions, especially Arabic, Islamic, and Eastern Christian heritages; </p><p>Whereas the university has repeatedly allowed or enabled the term &#8221;anti-Semitic&#8221; to be wielded as a rhetorical weapon &#8212; not to defend Semitic peoples as a whole, but to suppress critique, marginalize dissent, and invalidate Semitic voices that do not conform to institutional or geopolitical preferences; </p><h2>Resolution </h2><p>Be it resolved that: </p><p>1. Columbia University be held accountable for perpetuating a false binary that elevates one Semitic voice while silencing others, particularly through the uneven treatment of Hebrew and Arabic, Judaism and Islam; </p><p>2. The institution be recognized as engaging in ideological discrimination under the guise of aca demic discourse, effectively contributing to cultural erasure and epistemological colonization; </p><p>3. The university&#8217;s invocation of the term &#8221;anti-Semitism&#8221; be critically examined and historically contextualized &#8212; with clear distinction drawn between the defense of human dignity and the manipulation of moral language to entrench political power; </p><p>4. The administration, faculty, and governing bodies initiate transparent dialogue, audits, and reform that affirm the full sacred spectrum of Semitic tradition, including Islamic, Aramaic, Christian Semitic, and non-Zionist Jewish perspectives; 1 </p><p>5. Columbia confront the godless posture of its academic structure, recognizing that education severed from the sacred becomes complicit in moral confusion, cultural bias, and the flattening of civilizations into mere ideologies; </p><p>6. A public commitment be made to restore humility, balance, and reverence within the university&#8217;s treatment of Semitic peoples &#8212; not merely as subjects of political discourse, but as carriers of ancient wisdom, language, and divine insight. </p><h2>Conclusion </h2><p>Let this resolution serve as a moral and scholarly rebuke of Columbia University&#8217;s ongoing failure to honor the full breadth of the Semitic world. No university that weaponizes words, flattens faith, or turns sacred tradition into geopolitical theater can claim to be a champion of truth.</p><blockquote><p><em>&#8220;For with you is the fountain of life; in your light we see light.&#8221;</em> &#8212; (Psalm 36:9, ESV)</p></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nlUH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fca5d39e2-67b9-46d2-a30c-e799d1626fbb_1200x900.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nlUH!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fca5d39e2-67b9-46d2-a30c-e799d1626fbb_1200x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nlUH!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fca5d39e2-67b9-46d2-a30c-e799d1626fbb_1200x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nlUH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fca5d39e2-67b9-46d2-a30c-e799d1626fbb_1200x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nlUH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fca5d39e2-67b9-46d2-a30c-e799d1626fbb_1200x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nlUH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fca5d39e2-67b9-46d2-a30c-e799d1626fbb_1200x900.png" width="1200" height="900" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ca5d39e2-67b9-46d2-a30c-e799d1626fbb_1200x900.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:900,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:141154,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/i/159976528?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fca5d39e2-67b9-46d2-a30c-e799d1626fbb_1200x900.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nlUH!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fca5d39e2-67b9-46d2-a30c-e799d1626fbb_1200x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nlUH!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fca5d39e2-67b9-46d2-a30c-e799d1626fbb_1200x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nlUH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fca5d39e2-67b9-46d2-a30c-e799d1626fbb_1200x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nlUH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fca5d39e2-67b9-46d2-a30c-e799d1626fbb_1200x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[A Logarithmic Framework of Scale (D_T)]]></title><description><![CDATA[Unifying Microscopic and Macroscopic Phenomena through Topological Dimension]]></description><link>https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/a-logarithmic-framework-of-scale</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/a-logarithmic-framework-of-scale</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bubba Joe Louis]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 26 Mar 2025 13:08:15 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dK0Y!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd32bd31d-e7fe-45ba-af81-d0f31553268c_144x144.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2>1. Define Scale as Logarithmic Topological Dimension</h2><blockquote><p><strong>Definition 6</strong> &#8220;Scale (D_T) refers to the relative size of any Radiation Source.&#8221; </p><p>-The Unified Theory of Energy</p></blockquote><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;D_T(n) = 10^n, \\quad \\text{where } n \\in [-35, 35]&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;SUAMUEIJAF&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>D_T(n) = 10^n, \quad \text{where } n \in [-35, 35]</code></pre><h2>2. Effective Dimensional Projection Function</h2><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;D_{\\text{eff}}(n) = f(D_T(n), D) &quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;VLLFETODPT&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>D_{\text{eff}}(n) = f(D_T(n), D) </code></pre><h2>3. Example: D_T and Physical Object Mapping</h2><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;\\text{At } n = -35: \\quad \\text{Electron} \\sim \\text{Red Giant} \\quad (\\text{massive, extended}) \\\\\n&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;FLAWDTUCTF&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;\\text{At } n = 0: \\quad \\text{Human scale} \\quad (\\sim 1 \\text{ meter}) \\\\\n\n&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;AMVYBUDCYE&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;\\text{At } n = 35: \\quad \\text{Universe} \\to \\text{Pointlike} \\quad (D = 0)&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;YMKUPCCTVT&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>\text{At } n = -35: \quad \text{Electron} \sim \text{Red Giant} \quad (\text{massive, extended}) \\
\text{At } n = 0: \quad \text{Human scale} \quad (\sim 1 \text{ meter}) \\
\text{At } n = 35: \quad \text{Universe} \to \text{Pointlike} \quad (D = 0)</code></pre><h2>4. Recursive Dimensional Identity</h2><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;\\text{Let } U(n) \\text{ be a universe at scale level } n \\\\\n\n\\Rightarrow \\exists \\, P(n-35) \\in U(n): \\quad P(n-35) \\sim U(n+35)&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;OGEFMLGQON&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>\text{Let } U(n) \text{ be a universe at scale level } n \\

\Rightarrow \exists \, P(n-35) \in U(n): \quad P(n-35) \sim U(n+35)</code></pre><h2>5. Time Scaling Function (for dynamic behavior)</h2><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;T(n) = \\alpha \\cdot 10^{-n}, \\quad \\text{where } \\alpha \\text{ is a base unit of time}&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;CYNXLEIAZF&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>T(n) = \alpha \cdot 10^{-n}, \quad \text{where } \alpha \text{ is a base unit of time}</code></pre><h2>6. Scale-Relative Perception Function (conscious observer)</h2><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;\\mathcal{P}(n) = \\frac{1}{1 + |n - n_0|}, \\quad \\text{where } n_0 = 0 \\text{ (human reference scale)}&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;BFFMVCXLBH&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>\mathcal{P}(n) = \frac{1}{1 + |n - n_0|}, \quad \text{where } n_0 = 0 \text{ (human reference scale)}</code></pre><h2>7. Euler's Validity Condition</h2><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;e^{i\\omega t} \\text{ is valid only if } D_T(n) \\approx 10^0 \\Rightarrow n \\in [-1, 1]&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;IFIGZDZRQK&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>e^{i\omega t} \text{ is valid only if } D_T(n) \approx 10^0 \Rightarrow n \in [-1, 1]</code></pre><h2>8. Recursive Field Model (speculative)</h2><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;\\Phi(x, n) = \\int \\psi(x, n') \\cdot K(n, n') \\, dn', \\quad \\text{where } K(n, n') \\text{ is a scale coupling kernel,}&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;ZZMBJPAKEB&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>\Phi(x, n) = \int \psi(x, n') \cdot K(n, n') \, dn', \quad \text{where } K(n, n') \text{ is a scale coupling kernel,}</code></pre><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Epartheid]]></title><description><![CDATA[Digital Segregation]]></description><link>https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/epartheid</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/epartheid</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bubba Joe Louis]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 23 Mar 2025 14:29:45 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4ed51422-e7d6-459c-971d-bfce4b0d1177_980x653.webp" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="preformatted-block" data-component-name="PreformattedTextBlockToDOM"><label class="hide-text" contenteditable="false">Text within this block will maintain its original spacing when published</label><pre class="text"><em><strong>Epartheid</strong></em>: (noun) A system of digital segregation and symbolic suppression wherein access to speech, visibility, and participation is algorithmically determined and hierarchically enforced, often along geopolitical, cultural, racial, or ideological lines.</pre></div><p></p><h2><strong>Algorithmic Redlining</strong></h2><p>Content from marginalized or targeted communities&#8212;especially those critical of Western power structures&#8212;is deprioritized, shadowbanned, or deleted altogether. Meanwhile, "approved" narratives are fast-tracked into visibility.</p><h2><strong>Platform Colonialism</strong></h2><p>Global populations are subjected to rules created in Silicon Valley, where profit, liability, and political optics outweigh cultural or historical context. The platforms act like <strong>digital embassies of empire</strong>&#8212;imposing law without representation.</p><h2><strong>Symbolic Censorship</strong></h2><p>Flags, slogans, chants, and even colors (like the keffiyeh or the Palestinian flag) are algorithmically linked to "risk" or "extremism," while occupying forces&#8217; symbols are rendered as <em>statecraft</em>. The imbalance isn&#8217;t just political&#8212;it&#8217;s <strong>semantic</strong>.</p><h2><strong>Illusion of Inclusion</strong></h2><p>Everyone is <em>technically</em> allowed online&#8212;but not equally heard, seen, or represented. Like apartheid regimes of the past, <strong>access exists without equity</strong>.</p><h2><strong>Language Policing</strong></h2><p>Certain words are instantly flagged as "incendiary" or "misinformation," depending on <em>who</em> is saying them. The same critique uttered by a Western journalist is "analysis"; said by a Gazan, it&#8217;s "incitement."</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Institutional Mob]]></title><description><![CDATA[The Distributed Echo Chamber Effect]]></description><link>https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/the-institutional-mob</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/the-institutional-mob</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bubba Joe Louis]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 23 Mar 2025 12:55:16 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/602b4d8c-5b54-4220-92be-a03c91c430a7_540x362.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Institutional Mob</strong>: Not chaotic, torch-wielding masses, but polished, credentialed, ideologically aligned actors who shape discourse&#8212;not through argument, but through gatekeeping and engineered legitimacy.</p><p><strong>Binary Conflict</strong>: The Institutional Mob forms a closed system of acceptable speech, values, and knowledge. Dialogue becomes a performance. Dissent becomes deviance.</p><p><strong>Involuntary Participant</strong>: The rest of the world&#8212;users, thinkers, creators&#8212;are swept into this binary not by choice, but by necessity. These are the rules if you want access to the digital commons. You&#8217;re in the game, even if you never agreed to play.</p><p><strong>Profit-Driven Propaganda</strong>: Algorithms, media, and academic output are no longer tuned for truth or plurality. They&#8217;re optimized to reinforce consensus&#8212;<em>because consensus drives engagement, and engagement drives profit.</em></p><p>The <strong>profit motive</strong> ensures the machine self-replicates.<br><strong>Academic conformity</strong> ensures no new inputs disturb the ideological loop.<br>And anyone outside the gate? Free to be silenced, shadowbanned, or discredited.</p><blockquote><p><em>Isolation isn't chosen&#8212;it&#8217;s distributed across Echo Chambers.</em></p></blockquote><p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fKVh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25c09019-1305-4b05-98b9-8c4b01d102ed_540x362.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fKVh!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25c09019-1305-4b05-98b9-8c4b01d102ed_540x362.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fKVh!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25c09019-1305-4b05-98b9-8c4b01d102ed_540x362.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fKVh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25c09019-1305-4b05-98b9-8c4b01d102ed_540x362.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fKVh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25c09019-1305-4b05-98b9-8c4b01d102ed_540x362.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fKVh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25c09019-1305-4b05-98b9-8c4b01d102ed_540x362.jpeg" width="540" height="362" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fKVh!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25c09019-1305-4b05-98b9-8c4b01d102ed_540x362.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fKVh!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25c09019-1305-4b05-98b9-8c4b01d102ed_540x362.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fKVh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25c09019-1305-4b05-98b9-8c4b01d102ed_540x362.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fKVh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25c09019-1305-4b05-98b9-8c4b01d102ed_540x362.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Myth of Discovery on Substack: Algorithms, Visibility, and the Burden of Audience]]></title><description><![CDATA[Why Independent Writers Must Grow an Audience Elsewhere to Succeed Anywhere]]></description><link>https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/the-myth-of-discovery-on-substack</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/the-myth-of-discovery-on-substack</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bubba Joe Louis]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 18 Mar 2025 12:52:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0xZr!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe59b0859-587a-4479-beb5-720f56987870_2560x1920.avif" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p><p>There's a persistent idea about Substack&#8212;that if your ideas are compelling and your writing consistent, readers will naturally appear, magically drawn by the platform's supposed openness. But reality paints a very different picture. Yes, I can certainly generate readers on Substack&#8212;if, and only if, I bring a large audience along with me. This is the hidden truth, one shared across all modern content platforms: visibility isn't granted; it's earned elsewhere.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Just like other popular platforms&#8212;be it YouTube, Instagram, or Twitter&#8212;Substack operates under algorithms designed to prioritize content with proven engagement. Such algorithms aren't neutral gatekeepers; they're biased curators, selectively amplifying voices already resonating loudly. Without a pre-established following, my posts become whispers in an algorithmic void&#8212;never recommended, rarely discovered, perpetually obscured.</p><p>What Substack implicitly demands is something far beyond thoughtful writing or creative consistency. It demands that writers arrive fully-formed, audience-in-hand, followers preassembled from elsewhere. The platform does little to break new voices from obscurity. Instead, it expects us, the creators, to bear the full burden of visibility&#8212;building audience elsewhere, then bringing them back to enrich its ecosystem.</p><p>This isn't empowering; it's exhausting. It means writers aren't judged purely on their content quality or originality, but by how effectively they can leverage external networks to overcome algorithmic inertia. For new voices&#8212;especially nuanced, niche, or innovative perspectives&#8212;the barrier to being found is daunting, often insurmountable.</p><p>True creativity deserves better. We deserve algorithms and platforms that actively surface fresh ideas, reward originality, and intentionally connect writers to potential readers&#8212;not simply reward those already established. Until Substack&#8212;and platforms like it&#8212;move beyond mere algorithmic gatekeeping and toward genuine discoverability, the promise of independent writing remains a privilege accessible mostly to those who've already built their communities elsewhere.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0xZr!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe59b0859-587a-4479-beb5-720f56987870_2560x1920.avif" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0xZr!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe59b0859-587a-4479-beb5-720f56987870_2560x1920.avif 424w, 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Use the button below to create a Substack of your own</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://substack.com/refer/michaelvera?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_context=post&amp;utm_content=159331887&amp;utm_campaign=writer_referral_button&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Start a Substack&quot;,&quot;hasDynamicSubstitutions&quot;:false}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://substack.com/refer/michaelvera?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_context=post&amp;utm_content=159331887&amp;utm_campaign=writer_referral_button"><span>Start a Substack</span></a></p></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Bass Reflex Enclosure Design Equations]]></title><description><![CDATA[Equations that Design Enclosures Reflexing Bass]]></description><link>https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/bass-reflex-enclosure-design-equations</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/bass-reflex-enclosure-design-equations</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bubba Joe Louis]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 16 Mar 2025 11:04:15 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0c060507-d1c4-49e8-8de0-d22c2e9a87f6_209x194.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3><strong>Input Parameters</strong></h3><ol><li><p><strong>Thiele/Small Parameters</strong> (for the subwoofer driver):</p><ul><li><p><strong>Fs</strong>: Driver's resonant frequency (Hz).</p></li><li><p><strong>Vas</strong>: Equivalent compliance volume (liters).</p></li><li><p><strong>Qts</strong>: Total Q-factor (dimensionless).</p></li><li><p><strong>Sd</strong>: Effective piston area (cm&#178;).</p></li><li><p><strong>Xmax</strong>: Maximum linear excursion (mm) for port air velocity calculation.</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Design Targets</strong>:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Fb</strong>: Desired tuning frequency (19Hz).</p></li><li><p><strong>Maximum SPL/Power</strong>: To calculate port area and avoid chuffing (noise from turbulent air).</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Physical Constraints</strong>:</p><ul><li><p>Maximum allowable enclosure size (liters).</p></li><li><p>Port diameter (D) or desired port area (S_p).</p></li></ul></li></ol><div><hr></div><h3><strong>Key Formulae</strong></h3><ol><li><p><strong>Enclosure Volume (Vb)</strong><br>For a vented box, use alignment-specific formulas. A common alignment is:</p><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;% Enclosure Volume (Vb)\nV_b = \\frac{V_{as}}{\\left(\\frac{F_b}{F_s}\\right)^2 - 1} \\quad \\text{(if \\(F_b > F_s\\))}&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;KYSTPXFJSX&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>% Enclosure Volume (Vb)
V_b = \frac{V_{as}}{\left(\frac{F_b}{F_s}\right)^2 - 1} \quad \text{(if \(F_b &gt; F_s\))}</code></pre><p>If Fb&#8203;&lt;Fs&#8203;, iterative methods or software are typically required.</p></li><li><p><strong>Port Tuning Frequency (Fb)</strong><br>Helmholtz resonance formula:</p><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;% Port Tuning Frequency (Fb)\nF_b = \\frac{c}{2\\pi} \\sqrt{\\frac{A}{V_b \\cdot L_{\\text{effective}}}}&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;HLWJVSPWBF&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>% Port Tuning Frequency (Fb)
F_b = \frac{c}{2\pi} \sqrt{\frac{A}{V_b \cdot L_{\text{effective}}}}</code></pre><ul><li><p><em>c</em>: Speed of sound (343&#8201;m/s or 34300cm/s).</p></li><li><p><em>A</em>: Port cross-sectional area (Sp=&#960;r2Sp&#8203;=&#960;r2, cm&#178;).</p></li><li><p><em>L_effective</em>&#8203;: Effective port length (physical length + end corrections).</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Port Length (Lv)</strong><br>Physical port length including end corrections:</p><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;% Port Length (Lv)\nL_v = \\frac{c^2 \\cdot S_p}{4\\pi^2 \\cdot F_b^2 \\cdot V_b} - k \\cdot D&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;IZFFOSPYPO&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>% Port Length (Lv)
L_v = \frac{c^2 \cdot S_p}{4\pi^2 \cdot F_b^2 \cdot V_b} - k \cdot D</code></pre><ul><li><p><em>k</em>: End correction factor (0.8230.823 for flanged ports, 0.6140.614 for free ports).</p></li><li><p><em>D</em>: Port diameter (cm).</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Port Area (S_p)</strong><br>To avoid air velocity &gt;17 m/s (prevents chuffing):</p><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;% Port Area (Sp)\nS_p = \\frac{0.24 \\cdot \\sqrt{P_{\\text{rms}}}}{F_b \\cdot v_{\\text{max}}}&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;WAFFEKOONY&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>% Port Area (Sp)
S_p = \frac{0.24 \cdot \sqrt{P_{\text{rms}}}}{F_b \cdot v_{\text{max}}}</code></pre><ul><li><p><em>P_rms</em>&#8203;: RMS power (W).</p></li><li><p><em>v_max</em>&#8203;: Max allowable air velocity (e.g., 17 m/s).</p></li></ul></li></ol><div><hr></div><h3><strong>Design Steps</strong></h3><ol><li><p><strong>Calculate </strong><em><strong>Vb</strong></em><strong>&#8203;</strong>: Use alignment formulas or iterate based on driver parameters.</p></li><li><p><strong>Determine </strong><em><strong>Sp</strong></em><strong>&#8203;</strong>: Size the port to limit air velocity.</p></li><li><p><strong>Solve for </strong><em><strong>Lv</strong></em><strong>&#8203;</strong>: Use the port length formula.</p></li><li><p><strong>Validate</strong>: Check if <em>Vb</em>&#8203; and <em>Lv</em>&#8203; fit physical constraints. Adjust <em>D</em> or <em>Vb</em>&#8203; if needed.</p></li></ol><div><hr></div><h3><strong>Example Calculation</strong></h3><p>Assume:</p><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;% Example Calculation\nF_s = 25 \\, \\text{Hz}, \\quad V_{as} = 50 \\, \\text{L}, \\quad Q_{ts} = 0.35, \\quad F_b = 19 \\, \\text{Hz}, \\quad S_p = 50 \\, \\text{cm}^2 \\, (\\text{D} \\approx 8 \\, \\text{cm}).&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;RICZAHYDKF&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>% Example Calculation
F_s = 25 \, \text{Hz}, \quad V_{as} = 50 \, \text{L}, \quad Q_{ts} = 0.35, \quad F_b = 19 \, \text{Hz}, \quad S_p = 50 \, \text{cm}^2 \, (\text{D} \approx 8 \, \text{cm}).</code></pre><ol><li><p><strong>Enclosure Volume</strong>:<br>Since <em>Fb&#8203;&lt;Fs&#8203;</em>, use software or iterative methods. Assume <em>Vb&#8203;=70L</em>.</p></li><li><p><strong>Port Length</strong>:</p><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;L_v = \\frac{(34300^2 \\cdot 50)}{4\\pi^2 \\cdot 19^2 \\cdot 70} - 0.823 \\cdot 8 \\approx 34.2 \\, \\text{cm}.&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;KCIRJBJFKJ&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>L_v = \frac{(34300^2 \cdot 50)}{4\pi^2 \cdot 19^2 \cdot 70} - 0.823 \cdot 8 \approx 34.2 \, \text{cm}.</code></pre></li></ol><h2><br>Annular Ring Areas</h2><p>10"-12" annulus: 11&#960; in&#178;</p><p>8"-10" annulus:9&#960; in&#178;</p><p>6"-8" annulus:7&#960; in&#178;</p><p>4"-6" annulus:5&#960; in&#178;</p><p>12" circle:36&#960; in&#178;</p><p>10" circle:25&#960; in&#178;</p><p>8" circle:16&#960; in&#178;</p><p>6" circle:9&#960; in&#178;</p><p>4" circle:4&#960; in&#178;</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Understanding Helmholtz Resonator Tuning]]></title><description><![CDATA[Building a "Ghost Pipe" with Helmholtz and The Unified Theory of Energy]]></description><link>https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/understanding-helmholtz-resonator</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/p/understanding-helmholtz-resonator</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bubba Joe Louis]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 13 Mar 2025 19:50:30 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b17c896a-c52b-47cc-a0e4-25f4cb2236b4_1000x1000.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A <strong>Helmholtz resonator</strong> is an air-filled chamber with an opening that resonates at a specific frequency:</p><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;f = \\frac{c}{2\\pi} \\sqrt{\\frac{A}{V L}}&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;XGELZGXUHY&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>f = \frac{c}{2\pi} \sqrt{\frac{A}{V L}}</code></pre><p>where:</p><ul><li><p><em>f</em> = target frequency (19 Hz)</p></li><li><p><em>c</em> = speed of sound (~343 m/s at room temperature)</p></li><li><p><em>A</em> = cross-sectional area of the port (m&#178;)</p></li><li><p><em>V</em> = volume of the resonator chamber (m&#179;)</p></li><li><p><em>L</em> = effective length of the port (m), including end correction</p></li></ul><p></p><h3><strong>Calculate Required Volume (V)</strong></h3><p>For a <strong>12" diameter sonotube</strong> (~30.48 cm), the <strong>internal volume per foot</strong> is:</p><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;V_{\\text{tube, per foot}} = \\pi \\left(\\frac{D}{2}\\right)^2 H&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;UDCNIRJTHO&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>V_{\text{tube, per foot}} = \pi \left(\frac{D}{2}\right)^2 H</code></pre><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;= 3.1416 \\times \\left(\\frac{30.48}{2}\\right)^2 \\times 30.48 \\approx 22.2 \\text{ liters per foot}&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;AVYTEZWVEI&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>= 3.1416 \times \left(\frac{30.48}{2}\right)^2 \times 30.48 \approx 22.2 \text{ liters per foot}</code></pre><p>Thus, a <strong>4-foot (48") sonotube</strong> has:</p><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;V_{\\text{tube}} = 4 \\times 22.2 = 88.8 \\text{ liters} = 3.14 \\text{ ft}^3\n&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;MNGUBKSDFW&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>V_{\text{tube}} = 4 \times 22.2 = 88.8 \text{ liters} = 3.14 \text{ ft}^3</code></pre><p>This is a <strong>good resonating chamber size for a 19Hz tuning frequency</strong>.</p><p></p><h3><strong>Calculate the Port Dimensions</strong></h3><p>Using the <strong>Helmholtz resonance formula</strong>:</p><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;19 = \\frac{343}{2\\pi} \\sqrt{\\frac{A}{V L}}&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;IPZBJLFIKL&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>19 = \frac{343}{2\pi} \sqrt{\frac{A}{V L}}</code></pre><p>We assume an <strong>8-inch diameter port</strong> (~20.32 cm):</p><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;A = \\pi \\left(\\frac{20.32}{2}\\right)^2 = 324.3 \\text{ cm}^2 = 0.0324 \\text{ m}^2&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;UIHNXFBELR&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>A = \pi \left(\frac{20.32}{2}\right)^2 = 324.3 \text{ cm}^2 = 0.0324 \text{ m}^2
</code></pre><p>Solving for <strong>port length </strong><em><strong>L</strong></em><strong>:</strong></p><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;L = \\frac{A}{V} \\left( \\frac{343}{2\\pi \\times 19} \\right)^2&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;NYWQXEZVNV&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>L = \frac{A}{V} \left( \frac{343}{2\pi \times 19} \right)^2</code></pre><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;L = \\frac{0.0888}{0.0324} \\times \\left(\\frac{119.38}{343}\\right)^2&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;ZMJXKBSKZP&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>L = \frac{0.0888}{0.0324} \times \left(\frac{119.38}{343}\right)^2</code></pre><div class="latex-rendered" data-attrs="{&quot;persistentExpression&quot;:&quot;L \\approx 9.8 \\text{ inches} \\approx 25 \\text{ cm}&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;MDVLUFUQDG&quot;}" data-component-name="LatexBlockToDOM"></div><pre><code>L \approx 9.8 \text{ inches} \approx 25 \text{ cm}</code></pre><p></p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>Step 4: Final Design Summary</strong></h2><ol><li><p><strong>Sealed Box for Woofer:</strong> <strong>1 ft&#179; plywood enclosure</strong>.</p></li><li><p><strong>Sonotube Resonator:</strong> <strong>12" diameter, 48" long</strong>, sealed at one end.</p></li><li><p><strong>Port:</strong> <strong>8-inch diameter, ~9.8 inches long</strong>, placed at the opposite end of the sonotube. Use sleeve to adjust.</p></li><li><p><strong>Tuning Frequency:</strong> <strong>19Hz</strong>, achieved via Helmholtz resonance.</p></li></ol><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BBN0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17b2b92d-b0c1-4548-8ded-cbe00107cc3d_1000x1000.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BBN0!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17b2b92d-b0c1-4548-8ded-cbe00107cc3d_1000x1000.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BBN0!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17b2b92d-b0c1-4548-8ded-cbe00107cc3d_1000x1000.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BBN0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17b2b92d-b0c1-4548-8ded-cbe00107cc3d_1000x1000.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BBN0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17b2b92d-b0c1-4548-8ded-cbe00107cc3d_1000x1000.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BBN0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17b2b92d-b0c1-4548-8ded-cbe00107cc3d_1000x1000.png" width="1000" height="1000" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/17b2b92d-b0c1-4548-8ded-cbe00107cc3d_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1000,&quot;width&quot;:1000,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:939690,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bubbajoelouis.substack.com/i/159017707?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17b2b92d-b0c1-4548-8ded-cbe00107cc3d_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BBN0!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17b2b92d-b0c1-4548-8ded-cbe00107cc3d_1000x1000.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BBN0!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17b2b92d-b0c1-4548-8ded-cbe00107cc3d_1000x1000.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BBN0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17b2b92d-b0c1-4548-8ded-cbe00107cc3d_1000x1000.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BBN0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17b2b92d-b0c1-4548-8ded-cbe00107cc3d_1000x1000.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>